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Data set(s): Mattick
Period: 1 5 3 6 - 2 0 1 8
Record number: 2 3 6 9 9

  • a 34819: . - : RIS import. [RLL List #  / Rec.# http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2596 ]
    Abstract: Export Date: 26 April 2013/Source: Scopus/
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  • Stewart, G. H./ M .Ignatieva/ C. D. Meurk 2010: Multivariate approaches to the study of urban biodiversity and vegetation: An example from a southern temperate colonial city, Christchurch, New Zealand. - In: : Urban Biodiversity and Design. , pp. 291-308. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35100]
    Keywords: Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA)/ Christchurch urban lawns field sampling/ Christchurch wall vegetation, bryophytes and lichens and abundance/ Investigating species richness patterns, in Christchurch forest patches/ NZRCUE/ NZRCUE and urban vegetation sampling/ Sustainable urban design/ Thellungian paradigm/ Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN)/ Urban biodiversity and vegetation study
    Abstract: A prerequisite for more sustainable urban design is an understanding of the current composition of urban plant communities and what 'drives' their compositional variation. Various approaches have been used in the past to describe urban plant community patterns, including phytosociological approaches in Europe and more quantitative urban-rural gradient approaches in the United States. We used multivariate statistical methods to describe compositional variation and causation in urban biotopes of Christchurch city,New Zealand. From stratified random biotopes, we collected compositional, environmental and 'social' data at a range of spatial scales. Our data analysis 'tool box' included TWo-way INdicator SPecies ANalysis (TWINSPAN), descriptive statistics, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA), ordination (Detrended DCA and Canonical Correspondence Analysis CCA) and regression. In this chapter, we provide examples of our approach and how our findings can be applied to sustainable urban design and restoration. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444318654.ch15
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  • Association française de Lichénologie 2011: Les lichens: un enjeu pour la biodiversité du Finistčre [Lichens: a challenge for biodiversity in Finistčre]. - Quimper : Conseil Geěneěral du FinisteĚre. pp. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35052]
    Notes: In French.
    URL:
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  • Ryan, K. S. 2011: Biosynthetic gene cluster for the cladoniamides, bis-indoles with a rearranged scaffold. - PLoS ONE 6(8): . [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35084]
    Keywords: alkaloid/ alpha beta hydrolase/ carbazole derivative/ cladoniamide/ hydrolase/ indolocarbazole/ methyltransferase/ molecular scaffold/ oxygenase/ quercetin/ tryptophan/ unclassified drug/ bacterial protein/ carboline derivative/ indole derivative/ rebeccamycin/ tryptoline/ article/ bioaccumulation/ biosynthesis/ controlled study/ dimerization/ enzyme structure/ enzyme substrate complex/ gene cluster/ gene rearrangement/ genetic organization/ genetic similarity/ molecular interaction/ nucleotide sequence/ sequence homology/ bacterial gene/ biosynthesis/ chemistry/ enzymology/ genetics/ metabolism/ molecular genetics/ multigene family/ Streptomyces/ Streptomyces/ Alkaloids/ Bacterial Proteins/ Biosynthetic Pathways/ Carbazoles/ Carbolines/ Genes, Bacterial/ Indoles/ Molecular Sequence Data/ Multigene Family/ Streptomyces
    Abstract: The cladoniamides are bis-indole alkaloids isolated from Streptomyces uncialis, a lichen-associated actinomycete strain. The cladoniamides have an unusual, indenotryptoline structure rarely observed among bis-indole alkaloids. I report here the isolation, sequencing, and annotation of the cladoniamide biosynthetic gene cluster and compare it to the recently published gene cluster for BE-54017, a closely related indenotryptoline natural product. The cladoniamide gene cluster differs from the BE-54017 gene cluster in gene organization and in the absence of one N-methyltransferase gene but otherwise contains close homologs to all genes in the BE-54017 cluster. Both gene clusters encode enzymes needed for the construction of an indolocarbazole core, as well as flavin-dependent enzymes putatively involved in generating the indenotryptoline scaffold from an indolocarbazole. These two bis-indolic gene clusters exemplify the diversity of biosynthetic routes that begin from the oxidative dimerization of two molecules of L-tryptophan, highlight enzymes for further study, and provide new opportunities for combinatorial engineering. © 2011 Katherine S. Ryan.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023694
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  • Valadbeigi, T./ W. von Brackel 2011: Two new species of Lichenostigma (Lichenotheliaceae, lichenicolous fungi) from Iran. - Willdenowia 41: 191-195. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35048]
    Notes: New species: Lichenostigma iranicum Brackel & Valadbeigi and Lichenostigma verrucosum Brackel & Valadbeigi.
    URL:
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  • Adams, M. D./ C. Gottardo 2012: Measuring lichen specimen characteristics to reduce relative local uncertainties for trace element biomonitoring. - Atmospheric Pollution Research 3(3): 325-330. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 35012]
    Keywords: ICP/ Lichen biomonitoring/ Local variation/ Trace element pollution/ Usnea subfloridana
    Abstract: Local variation (within sampling sites) affects lichen air pollution biomonitoring of trace element deposition patterns. When comparing between sampling sites, global variation must be greater than local variation, thus reducing local variation is important in biomonitoring studies. To reduce local variability, sampling protocols are introduced, primarily minimum sampling height and less often sampling aspect. This study, introduces further protocols, which can help to reduce within site variation. First, the research design removed spatial variation by sampling a single tree. One-thousand and thirty-seven individual specimens of Usnea subfloridana were collected and aggregated into 97 samples based on similar collection height, aspect and mass. Samples were tested by inductively coupled plasma
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/APR.2012.036
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  • Almeida, S. M./ C. A. Ramos/ A. M. Marques/ A. V. Silva/ M. C. Freitas/ M. N. Farinha/ M. Reis/ A. P. Marques 2012: Use of INAA and PIXE for multipollutant air quality assessment and management. - Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 294(3): 343-347. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34845]
    Keywords: Aerosol/ Biomonitors/ Enrichment factors/ INAA/ PIXE/ PM2.5-10/ PM2.5/ Principal component analysis
    Abstract: The objective of this paper was to assess the air pollution and the main sources of Air Particulate Matter in the Setúbal urban/industrial area, Portugal. PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were sampled in Nuclepore filters and lichens transplants were exposed during 9 months. The levels of elements in these two matrixes were measured by INAA and PIXE. A large data base was created and source apportionment was performed by using Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that the main sources of fine particles were anthropogenic and were related with traffic and local industry. There was an important contribution of natural sources, mainly for the coarse fraction, associated with the sea and the soil. Lichens characterization and mapping showed that different site-specific characteristics controlled the spatial distribution of different elements. This study showed that biomonitoring is an effective complementary method to traditional sampling systems. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1473-4
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  • Anawar, H. M./ M. D. C. Freitas/ N. Canha/ I. Dionísio/ H. M. Dung/ C. Galinha/ A. M. G. Pacheco 2012: Assessment of bioaccumulation of REEs by plant species in a mining area by INAA. - Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 294(3): 377-381. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34843]
    Keywords: Copper-sulphide mine/ Lichens/ Native plants/ Rare earth elements/ Tailings
    Abstract: Native plant species, lichens and tailings, sampled from a copper-sulphide mining area located in southern-eastern Portugal, were analysed by neutron activation analysis (INAA) for determination of rare earth elements (REEs). Values of ?REEs and individual REEs concentration of tailing samples are higher than those of natural background concentrations. The higher values of REEs are found in modern slags and the mixture of oxidized gossan and sulphide disseminated country rocks when compared with the alluvial sediments contaminated by mine tailings. The total concentrations of light REEs are higher than those of heavy REEs in all tailing samples. Distribution patterns of PAAS-normalized REEs in mine tailings show slightly LREE enriched and flat HREE pattern with negative Eu anomaly. Lichens accumulated higher concentration of lanthanides than vascular plants. The elevated levels of REEs in lichen, native plant species and tailing samples reflect the contamination of REEs in São Domingos mining area. The Carlina corymbosa, Erica australis and Lavandula luisierra accumulated the higher amounts of La, Ce and other REEs than the other plant species grown in this mining area. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1669-2
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  • Biazrov, L. G./ K. B. Gongalsky/ L. A. Pelgunova/ A. V. Tiunov 2012: Isotope composition (ä15N) of lichen thalli in forests in the vicinity of the Chernobyl atomic power station [Izotopnyi sostav azota (ä15N) tallomov lishainikov v sosnovykh lesash vblizi Chernobyl’skoi AES]. - Lesovedenie [Moscow] 2012(5): 50-58. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35089]
    Notes: In Russian with English title.
    URL:
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  • Breuss, O. 2012: Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus den Karnischen Alpen [Notable records of lichens from the Carnic Alps (Carinthia, Austria)]. - Herzogia 25: 103 –108. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35020]
    Abstract: Ten noteworthy lichen species (Hymenelia heteromorpha, Polyblastia abscondita, P. ardesiaca, Protoblastenia lilacina, Staurothele bacilligera, S. hymenogonia, Strigula porinoides, Thelidium fontigenum, T. umbrosum, and Verrucaria lacerata) are listed from Carinthia. Strigula porinoides is reported for the first time from Austria. Short notes on characteristics, ecology and distribution of the species are provided.
    Notes: In German.
    URL:
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  • Breuss, O. 2012: Coenogonium wernerhuberi, a new foliicolous lichen species (Coenogoniaceae) from Costa Rica. - Herzogia 25: 145 –148. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35021]
    Abstract: A new lichenized ascomycete, Coenogonium wernerhuberi, is described from a hillside rainforest of southwestern Costa Rica. It is characterized by its hypophyllous growth, an inconspicuous, crustose thallus, small, wax-coloured apothecia, and long, fusiform ascospores. It is very similar to C. hypophyllum, from which it differs by having notably longer ascospores and smaller apothecia.
    Notes: New species: Coenogonium wernerhuberi, Breuss & Neuwirth.
    URL:
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  • Czarnota, P./ M. Wegrzyn 2012: Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi new to Babia Góra National Park (Poland, Western Carpathians). - Mycotaxon 122: 89-110. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34866]
    Keywords: Biosphere Reserve/ Lichen biota/ Lichen diversity/ Lichens
    Abstract: 46 lichenized fungi and 1 lichenicolous fungus new to the Babia Góra Massif, a Polish and Slovak transborder mountain range, the highest in the flysch Western Carpathians, are presented here. Taxonomic and ecological remarks, as well as the distribution of some noteworthy taxa in other Carpathian ranges, are included. Helocarpon crassipes is reported in detail for the first time from the Western Beskidy Mts and Leptogium intermedium is rediscovered in the Polish Carpathians. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.89
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  • Eliasaro, S./ A. D. L. Gerlach/ E. L. Gumboski 2012: Novos registros de fungos liquenizados para o estado do Paraná, Brasil [New records of lichenized fungi from Paraná state, southern Brazil] . - Revista Brasileira de Biociências 10(4): 507-512. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35049]
    Notes: In Portuguese with English abstract.
    URL:
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  • Hall, D. W. 2012: Plants as evidence. - In: : Forensic Botany: A Practical Guide. , pp. 12-44. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35164]
    Keywords: Algae, individuals, items linking to bodies of water/ Blue-green algae, in marine, nitrate-rich habitats/ Crustose lichens, thin crusts in substrate, tearing apart, difficult/ Diatoms, and "pond scum"/ Forensic evidence, and interpretation by qualified botanists/ Green algae, and freshwater "pond scum"/ Leaf lobes on blade, hooks, hairs, spines, secretions as evidence/ Nonvascular plants, mosses, liverworts in scenes of crime/ Plants used as evidence in crime scenes, in evidence retrieval/ Shelf fungus, time intervals based on growth rate
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119945734.ch2
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  • Jia, Z.-F./ R.-F. Wang/ J.-C. Wei 2012: Two new species in the Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) from China. - Mycotaxon 121: 75-79. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34826]
    Keywords: Lichenized fungi/ Taxonomy
    Abstract: During an examination of subtropical and tropical lichen collections from China, two species, Fissurina isidiata collected from Hainan Island and Graphis wangii collected from Yunnan province, were discovered and are reported as new to science. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    Notes: New species: Fissurina isidiata and Graphis wangii.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.75
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  • Joshi, S./ D. K. Upreti/ B. Haridas 2012: Nomenclatural notes on the lichen genera Leucodecton and Myriotrema (Graphidaceae) in India. - Mycotaxon 122: 467-482. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34864]
    Keywords: Delimitation/ Lepadinoid/ Taxonomy/ Thelotremoid/ Tropical/ Western Ghats
    Abstract: Nine species of Leucodecton and nine species of Myriotrema are recorded for India. The recently resurrected Leucodecton accommodates species earlier placed in Leptotrema, Myriotrema, or Thelotrema, which were segregated based primarily on medullary chemistry such as stictic and norstictic acids, although Myriotrema retains species with a prosoplectenchymatous cortex and psoromic or protocetraric acid chemosyndromes. This contribution includes new synonyms, changes in generic placement, new species distributions, and new records. Leucodecton compunctum and L. subcompunctum are new records for India. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.467
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  • Joshi, Y./ T. A. M. Jagadeesh-Ram/ G. P. Sinha 2012: Caloplaca gyrophorica (lichenized Ascomycota), a new saxicolous lichen species from India. - Mycotaxon 122: 303-306. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34865]
    Keywords: Depside/ Parietin/ Taxonomy/ Teloschistaceae
    Abstract: A gyrophoric acid-containing Caloplaca species is reported from India for the first time. Caloplaca gyrophorica was found growing over rocks in temperate regions of Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling, India. It is compared with the other three known gyrophoric acid-containing Caloplaca species and with the morphologically similar C. hueana. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.303
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  • Messuti, M. I./ L. E. Lorenzo 2012: Las colecciones de hongos liquenizados del herbario del Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (BCRU), Argentina [The lichenized fungi collections at the Herbarium Centro Regional Universitario BarilOCHE (BCRU), Argentina]. - Chloris Chilensis 15(1): . [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35087]
    Abstract: The lichenized fungi collections at the BCRU Herbarium are presented. The collections are significant not just for its size, but as much for its geographical focus, mainly from the southern part of Argentina and Chile.
    Notes: In Spanish with English abstract.
    URL: http://www.chlorischile.cl/messuti-liquenes%20bariloche/Messuti%20&%20Lorenzo%20liquenes.htm
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  • Moskalenko, N. G. 2012: Cryogenic landscape changes in the West Siberian northern taiga in the conditions of climate change and human-induced disturbances. - Earth's Cryosphere 16(2): 38-42. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34891]
    Keywords: Active layer thickness/ Climate/ Cryogenic landscape/ Human-induced disturbances/ Permafrost/ Permafrost temperature/ Vegetation/ Western Siberia
    Abstract: The results of monitoring of cryogenic landscape changes in the West Siberian northern taiga during 1970-2010 in the conditions of the varying climate and human-induced disturbances have been presented. Process of formation of the frozen cloudberry-wild rosemary-peat moss-lichen flat peatland instead of the thawed cotton grass-sedge-moss mires has been considered. The cotton grass-peat moss bogs with the lowered permafrost table are formed after the removal of vegetation cover on flat peatlands as a result of development of thermokarst and bogging. The impact of increase in amount of atmospheric precipitation on the development of bogging on flat poorly drained sites has been examined. This bogging leads to the replacement of the pine-larch cloudberry-wild rosemary-lichen-peat moss open wood with permafrost lenses by the andromeda-cotton grass-sedge-peat moss thawed mires.
    URL:
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  • Motyka, J. 2012: Ostatni wyklad [Last lecture]. - . pp. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35047]
    Notes: In Polish. This is Motykas's posthumous autobiography.
    URL:
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  • Oset, M./ M. Kukwa 2012: Notes on Stereocaulon species from Bolivia. - Mycotaxon 121: 447-453. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34822]
    Keywords: Lichen metabolites/ Lichenized fungi/ Neotropics/ Taxonomy
    Abstract: Stereocaulon crambidiocephalum, S. pachycephalum, and S. pomiferum are reported as new to Bolivia. Notes on the recently discovered holotype of S. meyeri are included. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.447
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  • Piirainen, M./ X. He/ P. Salo/ R. Skytén 2012: Accessions to the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, in 2011. - Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 88: 84-88. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34907]
    Abstract: The herbarium accessions amount to 20 395 specimens, including 5 940 phanerogams and pteridophytes, 1 929 specimens of bryophytes and algae, 12 517 specimens of fungi (incl. lichens), and 1 specimen of zoocecidia. Some details of noteworthy accessions are given here.
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  • Prach, K./ J. Klimešová/ J. Košnar/ O. Redcenko/ M. Hais 2012: Variability of contemporary vegetation around Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen. - Polish Polar Research 33(4): 383-394. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34906]
    Keywords: Arctic/ Bryophytes/ Lichens/ Ordination analysis/ Svalbard/ Vascular plants/ Vegetation mapping
    Abstract: Vegetation was described in various spatial scales in the area of 37.8 km2 including distinguishing vegetation units, vegetation mapping, recording phytosociological relevés (53), and completing species lists of vascular plants (86), mosses (124) and lichens (40). Phytosociological relevés were elaborated using ordination methods DCA and CCA. The relevés formed clusters corresponding well to a priori assigned vegetation units. Slope and stoniness significantly influenced the vegetation pattern. Despite the high latitude (nearly 80 N), the vegetation is rather rich in species. Non-native species do not expand. The moss Bryum dichotomum is reported for the first time from Svalbard archipelago.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-012-0026-z
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  • Rodnikova, I. M./ M. S. Lyashchevskaya/ A. G. Kiseleva/ N. F. Pshenichnikova 2012: The state and dynamics of the soil-vegetation cover on small islands of the gulf of peter the great (the Sea of Japan). - Geography and Natural Resources 33(1): 61-66. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34844]
    Keywords: islands/ lichens/ soils/ spore-pollen complexes/ vascular plants/ vegetation dynamics
    Abstract: A comprehensive investigation of the current state of soil-vegetation cover has been conducted. A pattern of reconstruction of the temporal dynamics for 4 small islands in the Gulf of Peter the Great has been obtained. Sequential changes in vegetation from polydominant broad-leaved to coniferous-broad-leaved forests on Engel'm, Lavrov and Shkot Islands observed are probably bound up with climate factors in the beginning of the Late Holocene. The transition from coniferous-broad-leaved to sparse broad-leaved forest has been probably caused by recent anthropogenic influences. The coniferous-broad-leaved forests growing on podsol soils (Naumov Island) are presently dominant, what is one of characteristics of an anthropogenically transformed ecosystem. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1875372812010106
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  • Rohrer, A./ P. O. Bilovitz/ H. Mayrhofer 2012: Lichenized fungi from the Jakupica mountain range Macedonia, FYROM). - Herzogia 25: 167-175. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35026]
    Abstract: A list of 160 taxa of lichens and a lichenicolous fungus from the Jakupica mountain range is presented, of which 20 lichens (Buellia aethalea, Caloplaca aurea, C. cacuminum, Candelariella reflexa, Cladonia caespiticia, Collema subflaccidum, Lecanora glabrata, L. persimilis, Lecidella achristotera, Lepraria caesioalba, Melanelia dis­juncta, Pertusaria leioplaca, P. leucosora, Physconia detersa, Polyblastia microcarpa, Rhizocarpon obscuratum, Scoliciosporum umbrinum var. corticolum, Thelidium decipiens, T. incavatum, Verrucaria macrostoma) and the li- chenicolous fungus (Carbonea vitellinaria) are new to Macedonia.
    URL:
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  • Scheidegger, C./ P. O. Bilovitz/ S. Werth/ I. Widmer/ H. Mayrhofer 2012: Hitchhiking with forests: population genetics of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in primeval and managed forests in Southeastern Europe. - Ecology and Evolution 2: 2223-2240. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35057]
    URL:
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  • Schiefelbein, U./ P. Czarnota/ H. Thüs/ M. Kukwa 2012: The lichen biota of the Drawienski National Park (NW Poland, Western Pomerania). - Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 49: 59-71. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35077]
    Abstract: The whole known lichen biota of the Drawie?ski National Park is presented. In total 290 species (262 lichenized, 25 lichenicolous and 3 lichen-related, saprotrophic fungi) are listed. Trichonectria anisospora and Milospium lacoizquetae are reported as new to Poland. Lecanora stenotropa and Phaeophyscia pusilloides are reported for the first time from Polish lowlands. The most lichenologically interesting and richest habitat complexes are the river valleys with their beech slope forests, their alluvial forests and their fast running rivers. Further habitats of high nature conservation value are roadside trees and pine forests, which inhabit a rich lichen biota as well.
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  • Shivarov, V. V./ D. Y. Stoykov 2012: New records of Pyrenocarpous lichenized fungi from Bulgaria. - Mycotaxon 121: 133-138. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34824]
    Keywords: Lichen taxonomy/ Pyrenulales/ Verrucariales
    Abstract: Five pyrenocarpous species of lichenized fungi, Acrocordia salweyi, Staurothele hymenogonia, Verrucaria praetermissa, V. viridula and Wahlenbergiella striatula, are reported for the first time from Bulgaria. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and comments are provided. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.133
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  • Sliwa, L./ K. Wilk/ P. R. Flakus/ A. Flakus 2012: New records of Lecanora for Bolivia. - Mycotaxon 121: 385-392. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34823]
    Keywords: Lecanoraceae/ Lecanoroid lichens/ Neotropics/ Secondary metabolites
    Abstract: Lecanora cavicola, L. laxa, L. stenotropa, and L. subaurea are reported as new to South America, and L. flowersiana and L. semipallida as new to Bolivia. Distributions of the species are discussed and information on their chemistry and diagnostic characters are provided. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.385
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  • Solon, J./ M. Degórski 2012: Geographical patterns of selected features of the soil and herb layer in central and north European Scots pine forests. - Geographia Polonica 85(2): 83-95. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34934]
    Keywords: European pine forests/ Geographical pattern/ Gradients/ Species biomass/ Species richness/ Vaccinio-piceetea
    Abstract: This paper defines the relationships between geographical location (which determines macroclimatic differentiation and reflects the history of the vegetation), soils (which determine hydrolytic acidity, degree of base saturation and organic carbon content), and selected characteristics of vegetation (species richness, herb layer biomass, moss layer biomass) in one type of forest community, namely, pine forests of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class. The study area covers the major part of the European domain of pine forests, from 70.15°N (Norway) to 50.35°N (Poland) and from 12.02°E (Sweden) to 33.6°E (Russia). The geographical pattern shows the following correlations: (a) a rise in the number of vascular plant species in the herb layer as one moves from west to east and from north to south; (b) no significant relationship between geographical location and the biomass of the herb layer, but it is possible to divide the study area into two parts: central Scandinavia, characterized by a high level of biomass, and the rest of the area, characterized by lower herb layer biomass; (c) a south-north increase in the standard deviation of herb layer biomass (serving also as a measure of spatial heterogeneity of the forest floor in terms of the synusial structure of the community); (d) greater biomass of the bryophyte (moss+lichen) layer in the north than in the south and in the east than in the west; (e) stability at lower latitudes of standard deviation for moss biomass (serving also as a measure of spatial heterogeneity of the forest floor in terms of the synusial structure of the community), albeit with a sharp increase north of latitude 55°N. © Jerzy Solon, Marek Degórski.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2012.2.13
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  • Spier, L. 2012: Punctelia reddenda (gelobd stippelschildmos) doet het goed op een berk in een voortuin te Amersfoort [Punctelia reddenda (Stirt.) Krog thrives on a birch in a front garden in Amersfoort. - Buxbaumiella 94: 9-12. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35030]
    Notes: In Dutch with English abstract.
    URL:
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  • Srivastava, P. 2012: Problematic fossils from the Palaeo-Neoproterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup, India. - Arabian Journal of Geosciences 5(6): 1411-1422. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34828]
    Keywords: Bizarre forms/ Neoproterozoic/ Palaeoproterozoic/ Vindhyan Supergroup/ alga/ bacterium/ biostratigraphy/ cluster analysis/ Ediacaran/ fossil record/ insect/ metazoan/ morphology/ petrography/ Vindhyan Basin/ Acanthomorpha/ Acritarcha/ algae/ Animalia/ Chrysophyceae/ Chuaria/ Cyanobacteria/ Fungi/ Grypania/ Hexapoda/ Metazoa/ Rhodophyta/ Streptophyta/ Vaucheriaceae/ Volvox
    Abstract: Fossils of the Vindhyan Supergroup exhibit extensive diversity and variable biologic affinities represented by: bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, acritarchs, metaphytes and metazoans (including members of the Ediacaran Fauna) and ranging from less than a micron to almost a metre in size. Besides identified fossils, a number of bizarre morphologies (due to deviation of morphology from conventional structures), present in various stratigraphic horizons, have been observed. It is very difficult to identify and decide their biologic affinities. In thin sections of Lower Vindhyan cherts, microfossils resembling lichen-like or fungal forms in which a sac encompassing a coiled filament may possibly indicate a symbiotic relationship, a Volvox colony-like structure and a vase-shaped body without an opening are unique. Among the carbonaceous fossils, very unusual and interesting fossil is a transparent disc comprising numerous appendages of an unidentified mesoscopic insect-like organism. Megascopic branching and associated Grypania-like structure is another form preserved as impression on micritic limestone. Petrographic thin sections of chert belonging to the Sirbu Shale Formation, exhibit presence of microscopic bizarre forms. The assemblage includes acritarchs and acanthomorphs of variable morphology and a dividing cell-like structure interpreted to be of rhodophycean affinity or a cleaving embryo of an animal affinity. Other peculiar morphologies among the carbonaceous fossils are: branched filaments that have attached sporangia-like vesicles, Chuaria-like body comprising cluster of very small-sized spheroids resemble scale-like structure, a chrysophycean alga or a multicellular tissue of a metaphyte. Another carbonaceous fossil represents a possible metazoan exhibiting an elongate body and a mid-gut-like structure or a Vaucheriacean alga. Although the biologic affinities of these bizarre forms can be a matter of debate, their biogenic nature is almost undoubted. The presence of such forms in the Vindhyans indicates advancement in morphology and a gradual evolution of life during the Palaeoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic period. In addition, presence of Ediacaran fossils in Bhander Group and large-sized acritarchs especially Trachyhystrichosphaera sp. in petrographic thin section of chert from the Sirbu Shale Formation, Bhander Group, Upper Vindhyans, suggests Ediacaran age as an upper age limit of the Vindhyan Supergroup. © 2011 Saudi Society for Geosciences.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0315-6
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  • Timmerman, H. 2012: De korstmossen van het voorjaarsweekend 2012 naar de Noordoost-Veluwe [Lichenological report of the BLWG spring meeting 2012 in the north-eastern part of the Veluwe, Netherlands]. - Buxbaumiella 94: 33-38. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35031]
    Notes: In Dutch with English abstract.
    URL:
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  • Truong, C./ P. Clerc 2012: The lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in tropical South America: Species with a pigmented medulla, reacting C+ yellow. - Lichenologist 44(5): 625-637. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35082]
    Keywords: chemistry/ endemism/ morphology/ Neotropics/ taxonomy/ Parmeliaceae/ Usnea/ Usnea ceratina
    Abstract: In tropical South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil), we investigated the diversity of Usnea species with a pigmented, C+ yellow medulla. Four species are treated: the sorediate U. ceratina and U. entoviolata, the latter being new for South America, and the non-sorediate U. cristatula and U. flavorubescens, the latter being newly described here. A detailed description is provided for each species together with an identification key. Copyright © British Lichen Society 2012.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000400
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  • Unteregelsbacher, S./ S. Hafner/ G. Guggenberger/ G. Miehe/ X. Xu/ J. Liu/ Y. Kuzyakov 2012: Response of long-, medium- and short-term processes of the carbon budget to overgrazing-induced crusts in the Tibetan Plateau. - Biogeochemistry 111(1-3): 187-201. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34827]
    Keywords: 13C pulse labeling/ CO2 efflux from soil/ Kobresia pasture/ Land-use changes/ Overgrazing/ Root exudates/ Soil organic carbon/ Soil respiration/ animal husbandry/ carbon budget/ carbon cycle/ crust/ grassland/ overgrazing/ pasture/ regression analysis/ soil analysis/ China/ Qinghai-Xizang Plateau/ Animalia/ Chlorophyta/ Kobresia
    Abstract: The Kobresia pastures of the Tibetan Plateau represent the world's largest alpine grassland ecosystem. These pastures remained stable during the last millennia of nomadic animal husbandry. However, strongly increased herds' density has promoted overgrazing, with unclear consequences for vegetation and soils, particularly for cycles of carbon (C), nutrients and water. Vegetation-free patches of dead root-mat covered by blue-green algae and crustose lichens (crusts) are common in overgrazed Kobresia pastures, but their effect on C turnover processes is completely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the crusts strongly affect the C cycle by examining: (i) the long-term C stock measured as soil organic matter content; (ii) medium-term C stock as dead roots; (iii) recent C fluxes analyzed as living roots and CO2 efflux; and (iv) fast decomposition of root exudates. Up to 7. 5 times less aboveground and 1. 9 times less belowground living biomass were found in crust patches, reflecting a much smaller C input to soil as compared with the non-crust Kobresia patches. A lower C input initially changed the long-term C stock under crusts in the upper root-mat horizon. Linear regression between living roots and CO2 efflux showed that roots contributed 23% to total CO2 under non-crust areas (mean July-August 5. 4 g C m-2 day-1) and 18% under crusts (5. 1 g C m-2 day-1). To identify differences in the fast turnover processes in soil, we added 13C labeled glucose, glycine and acetic acid, representing the three main groups of root exudates. The decomposition rates of glucose (0. 7 day-1), glycine (1. 5 day-1) and acetic acid (1. 2 day-1) did not differ under crusts and non-crusts. More 13C, however, remained in soil under crusts, reflecting less complete decomposition of exudates and less root uptake. This shows that the crust patches decrease the rates of medium-term C turnover in response to the much lower C input. Very high 13C amounts recovered in plants from non-crust areas as well as the two times lower uptake by roots under crusts indicate that very dense roots are efficient competitors with microorganisms for soluble organics. In conclusion, the altered C cycle in the overgrazing-induced crustose lichens and blue-green algae crusts is connected with strongly decreased C input and reduced medium-term C turnover. © 2011 The Author(s).
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9632-9
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  • Westberg, M./ M. Sohrabi 2012: A conspectus of the lichen genus Candelariella (Candelariaceae, Ascomycota) in Southwest Asia with emphasis on Iran. - Nova Hedwigia 95(3-4): 531-546. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34820]
    Keywords: Candelariales/ Iran/ Lecanoromycetes/ Lichenized fungi/ Lichens/ Southwest Asia
    Abstract: A total of 15 Candelariella species are listed from Iran, mainly from the north and north-west parts of the country. Four species are reported new to Iran; C. aggregata, C. lutella, C. kansuensis and C. rosulans. Candelariella oleifera is synonymised with C. rosulans which together with C. aggregata is reported from Asia for the first time. In addition C. aggregata is reported new to Tajikistan and C. antennaria new to Afghanistan. Candelariella kuusamoënsis is lectotypified. An overview of the genus in south-west Asia is provided, mainly based on literature reports. A preliminary key to Candelariella in the region is provided. © 2012 J. Cramer in Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0060
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  • Yazici, K. 2012: Mycobilimbia and Rinodina species new to Turkey. - Mycotaxon 121: 419-423. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34825]
    Keywords: Ascomycota/ Biodiversity/ Lichen
    Abstract: Mycobilimbia pilularis and Rinodina balanina were determined as new to Turkey and the Middle East following a recent lichenological foray in I?dir region (Turkey). Geographic distribution, substrate, chemistry, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa are presented. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.419
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  • Zdunczyk, A./ M. Dziedzic/ M. Kukwa 2012: The lichen genus Pertusaria in Poland II. Secondary chemistry of P. Flavida. - Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 49: 77-81. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35081]
    Abstract: This paper presents a study on a chemical variation of Pertusaria flavida in Poland. Six chemotypes were determined in the studied material, of which chemotypes IV, V and VI were never reported before. All of them produce thiophaninic acid as the diagnostic metabolite for the species and this is the only major substance in chemotype I. Chemotype II contains in addition also 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid (± confluentic acid), whereas chemotype III stictic acid complex (± minor or trace amounts of norstictic acid). Chemotype IV is characterized by the presence of 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid and stictic acid complex (± norstictic acid in minor to trace amounts). Chemotype V produce norstictic acid as a major additional substance and chemotype VI contains 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid together with norstictic acid. Chemotype II was the most common chemotype (c.75 % of specimens) in studied material. Distribution maps are presented for all chemotypes.
    URL:
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  • Zhang, L.-L./ X.-Y. Wang/ Z.-T. Zhao/ J.-S. Hur 2012: Lichens newly recorded from the South Korean coast. - Mycotaxon 122: 421-432. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34862]
    Keywords: Biodiversity/ Lichenized fungi/ Maritime/ Saxicolous/ Taxonomy
    Abstract: Twelve new records of lichen species are reported from the southwestern coast of South Korea. Among them, ten are crustose lichens and two are macrolichens. Caloplaca yuchiorum and Lecidea varians are reported for the first time from Asia. The coastal rocky area offers great potential for the discovery of new or previously unrecorded crustose lichens in the country. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.421
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  • Zhou, G.-L./ Z.-T. Zhao/ L. Lü/ D.-B. Tong/ M.-M. Ma/ H.-Y. Wang 2012: Seven dark fruiting lichens of Caloplaca from China. - Mycotaxon 122: 307-324. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34863]
    Keywords: Ascomycota/ Teloschistaceae/ Teloschistales
    Abstract: Detailed taxonomic descriptions with photos are presented for seven dark fruiting Caloplaca species found in China. Caloplaca albovariegata, C. atrosanguinea, and C. diphyodes are apparently new to Asia, C. bogilana, and C. variabilis are new to China, and C. conversa and C. pulicarioides are new to northern China. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.307
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  • Abed, R. M. M./ P. Lam/ D. De Beer/ P. Stief 2013: High rates of denitrification and nitrous oxide emission in arid biological soil crusts from the Sultanate of Oman. - ISME Journal 7(9): 1862-1875. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34990]
    Keywords: biological soil crust/ denitrification/ microsensors/ nitrogen cycle/ quantitative PCR/ stable isotopes/ ammonium/ bacterium/ denitrification/ desert soil/ lichen/ nitrogen/ nitrous oxide/ oxidation/ soil crust/ soil fertility/ tracer/ Oman/ Bacteria (microorganisms)/ Cyanobacteria/ Paracoccus denitrificans/ uncultured denitrifying bacterium
    Abstract: Using a combination of process rate determination, microsensor profiling and molecular techniques, we demonstrated that denitrification, and not anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), is the major nitrogen loss process in biological soil crusts from Oman. Potential denitrification rates were 584±101 and 58±20 ?mol N m -2 h -1 for cyanobacterial and lichen crust, respectively. Complete denitrification to N 2 was further confirmed by an 15 NO 3
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.55
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  • Allen, J. L./ J. C. Lendemer 2013: Uncovering chemical variability: Molecular data reveal the identity of a sterile crustose lichen from the Yukon and affirm an expanded circumscription for Buellia griseovirens. - North American Fungi 8(12): 1-14. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34956]
    Keywords: Biogeography/ Boreal forest/ Chemotaxonomy
    Abstract: Here we present the results of a study using molecular data (nrITS and mtSSU sequences) to aid in the identification of a sterile, sorediate crustose lichen from the Yukon Territory of Canada. BLASTn and megaBLAST indicated an affinity to the family Caliciaceae, specifically the Buellioideae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU sequences from the Caliciaceae affirmed this placement, and recovered a strongly supported clade composed of the unidentified populations and members of Buellia s.l. Internal transcribed spacer sequences of the taxon were >99% similar to two sequences of B. griseovirens, a relationship supported by additional molecular phylogenetic analyses. This is the first report of the occurrence of norstictic acid deficient populations of B. griseovirens from North America. It is also the first study to use molecular data to examine, and confirm, some of the chemical variability in B. griseovirens proposed in previous revisions. © 2013 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2509/naf2013.008.012
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  • Anshakova, V. V./ B. M. Kershengolts 2013: Biological preparations on the basis of Reindeer moss as detoxifier internal environment of the organism. - Russian Journal of Biopharmaceuticals 5(4): 16-20. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34944]
    Keywords: Biosorbent/ Detoxification/ Lichen
    Abstract: It is shown that the lichen can be a source of raw material to produce sorbents adsorption activity. Influence of «Reindeer moss» biologically active additive (BAA) on biochemical indexes of blood of volunteers with initially raised level of glucose and cholesterol is investigated. It is revealed that after three-week reception of drug at volunteers level of glucose, cholesterol and aterogen quotient significantly decreases.
    URL:
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  • Aptroot, A./ D. Ertz, D./ E. L. Lima/ K. A. Jesus/ L. C. Maia/ M. E. D. S. Cáceres 2013: Two new species of Roccellaceae (Ascomycota: Arthoniales) from Brazil, with the description of the new genus Sergipea. - Lichenologist 45(5): 627-634. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34991]
    Keywords: Atlantic rainforest/ Catinga/ corticolous/ Dichosporidium/ Enterographa/ Erythrodecton/ lichens/ Pernambuco/ Sergipe
    Abstract: The new lichen genus Sergipea M. Cáceres, Ertz & Aptroot is described in the Roccellaceae, based on the new species Sergipea aurata M. Cáceres, Ertz & Aptroot from NE Brazil. The species was found in a remnant of Atlantic transition forest in Sergipe. It is similar in many respects to species of the genus Enterographa, but it is characterized by bright orange stromata, due to the presence of an anthraquinone, and a thallus with a somewhat byssoid hypothallus. Phylogenetically it is close to the genera Dichosporidium and Erythrodecton. The phylogenetic position of the generic type of Dichosporidium confirms the close relationship of the genus to Erythrodecton in the basal branch of the Roccellaceae. A new species of Enterographa is also described from NE Brazil. Enterographa rotundata E. L. Lima, M. Cáceres & Aptroot has solitary, round apothecia, which is unusual in this genus with mainly elongated apothecia or punctiform apothecia arranged in lines. It was found in Caatinga forest in Pernambuco. Copyright © British Lichen Society 2013.
    Notes: New genus Sergipea M. Cáceres, Ertz & Aptroot; new species Sergipea aurata M. Cáceres, Ertz & Aptroot and Enterographa rotundata E. L. Lima, M. Cáceres & Aptroot.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000303
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  • Aptroot, A./ H. Kashiwadani/ K. H. Moon/ Y. Futagami 2013: Pyrenocarpous lichens in cambodia, with the description of Celothelium longisporum sp. nov. (Pyrenulales). - Journal of Japanese Botany 88(5): 309-315. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35112]
    Keywords: Cambodia/ Celothelium/ Longisporum/ Pyrenocarpous lichen
    Abstract: Celoihelium longisporum is described as a new species from Cambodia. In addition to the ten species of pyrenocarpous lichens so far reported from Cambodia, eight species including the new species are added to the lichen flora of Cambodia. The total number of lichen species known from Cambodia up to 63.
    Notes: New species: Celothelium longisporum Aptroot, Kashiw. & K. H. Moon.
    URL:
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  • Aptroot, A./ M. M. D. De Oliveira/ M. E. S. Cáceres 2013: Protoparmelia capitata (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae): New record for South America. - Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(3): 498-501. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34962]
    Keywords: Alectoronic acid/ Atlantic Forest/ Bahia/ Caatinga/ New record/ Northeastern Brazil/ Santa Teresinha/ Serra da Jiboia/ Sorediate species
    Abstract: The sterile corticolous crustose lichen Protoparmelia capitata (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae), recently described for southeastern North America, is reported as a new record for South America in the Serra da Jiboia mountain range, near the municipality of Santa Teresinha, in the state of Bahia, in northeastern Brazil. This species is locally common and is probably closely related to P. isidiata, which has the same pigmentation and medullary chemistry, P. capitata differing from P. isidiata in that the former features soredia rather than isidia.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000300006
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  • Aradottir, A. L./ G. Oskarsdottir 2013: The use of native turf transplants for roadside: Revegetation in a subarctic area. - Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 26(1): 59-67. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34941]
    Keywords: Biodiversity/ Ecological restoration/ Heathland/ Iceland/ Vegetation dynamics
    Abstract: Most road construction projects involve roadside revegetation to control soil erosion and improve road aesthetics. Using native species for roadside revegetation may reduce biodiversity losses and maintenance costs compared to traditional seeding of fast-growing species. We assessed the transplantation of large (> 50 cm diameter), fresh turfs for the revegetation of road verges at a high-elevation subarctic site in SW Iceland by comparing their vegetation composition to adjacent heathland. The road verges had 65% of the vegetation cover of adjacent heathland after two years and 93% after five years. Vascular heathland species had 85% transplant success after five years, but grasses were more abundant in the road verges than the heathland. The most common moss and lichen species survived the transplantation, but with reduced cover compared to the heathland. Thus, transplantation of fresh turfs can quickly establish vegetation cover and diverse plant communities, although the relative abundance of some species may diverge from the donor sites.
    URL:
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  • Aragón, G./ R. Belinchón/ I. Martínez/ M. Prieto 2013: Estimating epiphytic lichen richness by single families in Mediterranean forests. - Forest Ecology and Management 310: 187-193. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34947]
    Keywords: Epiphytic lichens/ Forest structure/ Indicator species/ Mediterranean/ Species richness
    Abstract: The current trend of declining epiphytic richness caused by human activities (forest fragmentation, logging, agriculture, and livestock grazing) and the greater efforts required to sample and identify the most inconspicuous species have necessitated the use of indicators of the species richness. In this study, we examined the potential of predicting epiphytic lichen richness based on the richness of a single taxon (family) of the most conspicuous lichens (macrolichens) in Mediterranean woodlands. Since our working hypothesis is that the richness of some conspicuous elements is tightly connected with the total richness, we expect this connection is maintained even after composition shifts (for instance composition changes between coniferous and oak forests). In order to control the large set of confounding factors at macro- and microclimate scales our present study was conducted in 504 forest stands, which represented a wide range of Mediterranean climates, management intensity levels, canopy cover types, and tree sizes. The presence/absence of epiphytic lichens were determined in 7560 trees, which were dominated by coniferous (Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris) and oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota, Q. faginea, and Q. pyrenaica) species. In oak forests, the increased richness of Collemataceae and the complex known as "rest of Peltigerales" was followed by an increase in the overall epiphytic richness, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between Parmeliaceae and total epiphytic richness in coniferous forests. In both cases, the richness of these predictors increased in well-preserved forest stands with dense canopies. Thus, we propose the potential use of Parmeliaceae (for coniferous forests) and the Collemataceae and the "rest of Peltigerales" (for oak forests) as indicators in the Mediterranean region because they have a cosmopolitan distribution, grow in a wide range of environmental conditions, and are correlated with changes in the epiphytic richness caused by forest disturbances. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.012
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  • Ardelean, I. V./ C. Keller/ C. Scheidegger 2013: Lichen flora of Rodnei Mountains National Park (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) including new records for the Romanian mycoflora. - Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 50: 101-115. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34977]
    Abstract: We investigated the lichen flora of the main habitats existing in Rodnei Mountains identifying 283 lichen species, and one subspecific taxon. Of these, 67 taxa are new records for the lichen flora of Romania, and 182 species are reported for the first time in Rodnei Mountains. Considering previous reports and our results, 442 lichen taxa are reported in Rodnei Mountains region in total, accounting for approx. 35% of the total lichen flora of Romania. When comparing the Red Lists of Romania and surrounding Carpathian countries, our data revealed the presence of a high number of threatened species in the region.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2013.50.13
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  • Aslan, A./ H. Gurbuz/ K. Yazici/ A. Cicek/ M. Turan/ S. Ercisli 2013: Evaluation of lichens as bio-indicators of metal pollution. - Journal of Elementology 18(3): 353-369. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35065]
    Keywords: Cement plant pollution/ Enrichment factor/ Heavy metal pollution/ Lichens
    Abstract: The objectives of this study have been to determine the impact of the distance from a combustor of a cement plant (downwind direction) and duration of exposure to pollution on the bioaccumulation of metals by four lichen species. Nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper and lead accumulated in lichen thalli, with the highest accumulation occurring at 50 m of the cement plant and upon prolonged exposure. In contrast, the concentrations of Al were not consistently affected by the distance from the plant or the duration of exposure. Pseudevernia furfuracea was most effective as an indicator of cement dust pollution. We concluded that transplantation of Pseudevernia furfuracea on trees or shrubs can be an easy and cost-effective means of Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb pollution monitoring.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2013.18.3.01
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  • Augusto, S./ M. J. Pereira/ C. Máguas/ C. Branquinho 2013: A step towards the use of biomonitors as estimators of atmospheric PAHs for regulatory purposes. - Chemosphere 92(5): 626-632. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34893]
    Keywords: Air/ BaP/ Biomonitors/ Environment/ Human health/ PAHs
    Abstract: One of the main drawbacks of using lichens to monitor atmospheric PAHs has been reported as the inexistence of studies aiming to translate PAH values in lichens into the atmospheric equivalents ones, in order to use this information for regulatory purposes. In this work, PAH concentrations in lichens were compared with PAH concentrations measured in a conventional active sampler in an outdoor environment for a 9-month span. Significant positive correlations between HMW-PAHs, ?16 EPA-PAHs, and BaP equivalent concentrations in lichens and those in air (TSP) were found. Concentrations of ?16 EPA-PAHs in lichens and air showed a seasonal variation, with highest values during winter and lowest values during summer. Meteorological variables
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.068
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  • Azua-Bustos, A./ C. Vega-Martínez 2013: The potential for detecting 'life as we don't know it' by fractal complexity analysis. - International Journal of Astrobiology 12(4): 314-320. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34940]
    Keywords: complexity/ fractal/ life
    Abstract: Abstract Finding life in the Universe entirely different to the one evolved on Earth is probable. This is a significant constraint for life-detecting instruments that were sent and may be sent elsewhere in the solar system, as how could we detect life as 'we don't know it'? How could we detect something when we have no prior knowledge of its composition or how it looks like? Here we argue that disregarding the type of lifeform that could be envisioned, all must share in common the attribute of being entities that decrease their internal entropy at the expense of free energy obtained from its surroundings. As entropy quantifies the degree of disorder in a system, any envisioned lifeform must have a higher degree of order than its supporting environment. Here, we show that by using fractal mathematics analysis alone, one can readily quantify the degree of entropy difference (and thus, their structural complexity) of living processes (lichen growths and plant growing patterns in this case) as distinct entities separate from its similar abiotic surroundings. This approach may allow possible detection of unknown forms of life based on nothing more than entropy differentials of complementary datasets. Future explorations in the solar system, like Mars or Titan, may incorporate this concept in their mission planning in order to detect potential endemic lifeforms. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013Â.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1473550413000177
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  • Bajpai, R./ V. Shukla/ D. K. Upreti 2013: Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on air quality, using lichen Remototrachyna awasthii as biomonitor. - International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10(6): 1287-1294. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35126]
    Keywords: Biomonitoring/ Health risk assessment/ Heavy metals/ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/ Western Ghats/ Anthropogenic activity/ Biomonitoring/ Control sites/ Impact assessments/ Metal concentrations/ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS)/ Vehicular emission/ Western ghats/ Air quality/ Biodiversity/ Fungi/ Health risks/ Heavy metals/ Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/ Risk assessment/ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Abstract: The study was carried out with an aim to assess the heavy metal (HM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of a biodiversity as well as tourist-rich area of Western Ghats by applying a most frequent growing lichen Remototrachyna awasthii (Hale and Patw.) Divakar and A. Crespo, as biomonitor. Thalli of R. awasthii were collected from eight sites of Mahabaleshwar area located in Western Ghats. Samples were prepared for HM and PAHs quantification by ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. Total metal concentration (HM) ranged from 644 to 2,277.5 ?g g-1 while PAHs concentration between 0.193 and 54.78 ?g g-1. HM and PAHs concentrations were the highest at Bus Stand while control site (Lingmala Fall) exhibited the lowest concentration of HM as well as PAHs followed by samples from Wilson point (both these sites are having trekking route). It was also evident from this study that vehicular emission played a significant role in the release of HM and PAHs as pollutants in the environment. The effectiveness of R. awasthii as biomonitor could be further investigated by comparing this species with other biomonitors. © 2013 Islamic Azad University (IAU).
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0156-1
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  • Barreto, R. S. S./ R. L. C. Albuquerque-Júnior/ R. N. Pereira-Filho/ J. S. S. Quintans/ A. S. Barreto/ J. M. Desantana/ V. J. Santana-Filho/ M. R. V. Santos/ L .R. Bonjardim/ A. A. S. Araújo/ L. J. Quintans-Júnior 2013: Evaluation of wound healing activity of Atranorin, a lichen secondary metabolite, on rodents. - Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 23(2): 310-319. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34923]
    Keywords: Atranorin/ Biomedicinal technology/ Granulation tissue/ Natural products/ Wound healing
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of atranorin cream (Patent requested) on excision wounds. Seventy-two male rats were anesthetized and an excisional wound was performed. Then the rats were randomly assigned into three groups: untreated control group; atranorin 1 (group treated with 1% AT ointment); and atranorin 5 (group treated with 5% AT ointment). Six animals of each group were euthanized 3, 7, 14 or 21 days after surgical procedures and the wounded areas were analyzed and removed. Serial histological sections were obtained and stained by histochemical techniques (Hematoxilin-Eosin-HEand Sirius red) and immunohistochemical techniques. Topical application of atranorin reduced wound areas, induced earlier granulation tissue formation, increased cell proliferation, improved collagenization and modulated the myofi broblasts differentiation when compared to control animals. It is suggested that atranorin modulates the wound healing process. These data suggest that this formulation based on atranorin extracted from Cladina kalbii AHTI may be a new biotechnological product for wound healing clinical applications.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2013005000010
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  • Benatti, M.N. 2013: A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: species with gyrophoric, lecanoric or lobaric acids lacking vegetative propagules. - Opuscula Philolichenum 12: 151-173. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35013]
    Keywords: Parmeliaceae, bulbate cilia
    Abstract: This study is a taxonomic review of nine species of Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, lichenized fungi) containing gyrophoric, lecanoric or lobaric acids and whose thalli do not form isidia, soredia or pustules. The current species delimitations are confirmed. New characteristics are detailed, some synonyms are rejected, others confirmed, and range extensions are given. Lectotypes are selected for Parmelia coronata (= B. coronata) and P. glandulifera (= B. coronata).
    URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/biblio_detail.php?irn=295934
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  • Bendiksby, M./ E. Timdal 2013: Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of Hypocenomyce sensu lato (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes): Extreme polyphyly and morphological/ecological convergence. - Taxon 62(5): 940-956. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35161]
    Keywords: Burnt wood/ Hypocenomyce/ Lecideoid lichens/ Molecular phylogenetics/ Polyphyly/ Taxonomy/ Bayesian analysis/ data set/ fungus/ mitochondrial DNA/ morphology/ parsimony analysis/ phylogenetics/ species diversity/ taxonomy
    Abstract: We have addressed phylogenetic relationships and tested hypotheses about five presumed subgroups among 15 species of Hypocenomyce s.l. (including Pycnora) by use of nuclear (ITS, LSU) and mitochondrial (SSU) ribosomal DNA-regions. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony phylogenetic analyses, of a dataset with broad Lecanoromycete taxon sampling, mostly support the five presumed subgroups, but two of these were found to be polyphyletic (the H. friesii-group and Pycnora). The seven supported Hypocenomyce s.l. clades belong in different genera, families, orders and even subclasses, and represent a remarkable example of morphological and ecological convergence. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results, we split Hypocenomyce into four genera placed in two subclasses: (1) Carbonicola gen. nov. (Carbonicolaceae fam. nov., Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetidae; including C. anthracophila comb. nov., C. foveata comb. nov., and C. myrmecina comb. nov.); (2) Fulgidea gen. nov. (Umbilicariaceae, Umbilicariales, Umbilicariomycetidae subcl. nov.; including F. oligospora comb. nov. and F. sierrae comb. nov.); (3) Hypocenomyce (Ophioparmaceae, Umbilicariales; including H. australis, H. scalaris, and H. tinderryensis; and (4) Xylopsora gen. nov. (Umbilicariaceae; including X. caradocensis comb. nov. and X. friesii comb. nov.). We split Pycnora into two genera: (1) Pycnora (Pycnoraceae fam. nov., Candelariales, "Candelariomycetidae"; including P. praestabilis, P. sorophora, and P. xanthococca); and (2) Toensbergia gen. nov. (Sporastatiaceae fam. nov., unknown order, Lecanoromycetidae; including T. leucococca comb. nov.). We place Hypocenomyce isidiosa in Xylographa (Trapeliaceae, Baeomycetales, Ostropomycetidae; X. isidiosa comb. nov.). We place the family Ophioparmaceae in the Umbilicariales. Our type studies have shown that the epithet "myrmecina" should replace "castaneocinerea", and lectotypes are chosen for Lecidea friesii Ach., L. scalaris var. myrmecina Ach., Psora cladonioides var. albocervina Rdsänen, and P. cladonioides var. castaneocinerea Räsänen. Elixia cretica is reported as new to North America (from Mexico) and Australia.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/625.18
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  • Benesperi, R./ L. Lastrucci/ J. Nascimbene 2013: Human disturbance threats the red-listed macrolichen Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén in coastal Juniperus habitats: Evidence from western peninsular Italy. - Environmental Management 52(4): 939-945. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35098]
    Keywords: Community nestedness/ Conservation/ Dispersal limitations/ Epiphytic lichens/ Habitat continuity/ Indicator species/ Dispersal limitations/ Epiphytic lichens/ Habitat continuity/ Indicator species/ Nestedness/ Biodiversity/ Conservation/ Forestry/ Fungi/ Ecosystems/ abundance/ biodiversity/ bioindicator/ coastal zone/ community composition/ coniferous tree/ epiphyte/ habitat conservation/ human activity/ lichen/ nestedness/ Red List/ species occurrence/ species richness/ article/ coastal waters/ habitat patchiness/ habitat quality/ human impact (environment)/ indicator organism/ Italy/ Juniperus/ lichen (organism)/ nonhuman/ population abundance/ Seirophora villosa/ species composition/ species conservation/ species habitat/ species richness/ vegetation dynamics/ zonation/ Italy/ Tuscany/ Animalia/ Juniperus/ Seirophora villosa/ Tracheophyta
    Abstract: In Europe, coastal dune systems with Juniperus spp. (Natura 2000 habitat code 2250) are a priority habitat for conservation according to the Natura 2000 policies. Currently, anthropogenic pressure is threatening the biodiversity of this habitat. While the impact of human pressure on animals and vascular plants is already documented, information is still scanty for other organisms such as epiphytic lichens. The main aim of this study is to test the effect of human disturbance on the occurrence and abundance of the red-listed macrolichen Seirophora villosa. We also tested the effect of human disturbance on the whole community of epiphytic lichens in terms of species richness and composition. The study was performed along the coast of Tuscany by comparing both disturbed and undisturbed Juniperus stands according to a stratified random sampling design. Our results provided evidence that in coastal systems the long-term conservation of the red-listed macrolichen S. villosa and its characteristic community composed by several Mediterranean species of conservation concern depends on the maintenance of undisturbed Juniperus habitats. Results also support the possibility of using S. villosa as an indicator species of habitat conservation importance and habitat integrity since its occurrence is predicted on nestedness in term of species composition, assemblages of species poor disturbed stands being subsets of those of richer undisturbed stands. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0081-1
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  • Bengtsson, O./ H. Paltto 2013: Changes in the epiphytic flora over 17 years in Härryda, southwest Sweden. - Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 107(2): 100-105. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34852]
    Abstract: We describe the results of a monitoring programme of the epiphytic moss and lichen flora at 20 sites in Härryda from 1992 to 2009. At each site two or three trees (in total 57 trees) were surveyed for mosses and lichens. Most trees were species with neutral bark: ash, Norway maple and elm. The average number of lichen species per tree did not change over time whereas the number of bryophytes increased by 20%. Several lichen species with a preference for acidic substrates declined. The reduction is significant for Hypogymrtiaphysodes, Platismatia glauca and Melanelixia glabratula. The reduction of sulphur pollution over recent decades is the most likely explanation. Lichens with Trentepholia algae increased. It has been suggested that these species are favoured by global warming. Species in the red data book were recorded from a limited number of trees and the situation appears to be stable.
    URL:
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  • Bhattarai, H. D./ T. Kim/ H. Oh/ J. H. Yim 2013: A new pseudodepsidone from the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum and its antioxidant, antibacterial activity. - Journal of Antibiotics 66(9): 559-561. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35070]
    Keywords: Antibacterial/ Depsidones/ Lichen metabolites/ Lobaric acid/ Stereocaulon alpinum
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2013.41
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  • Biazrov, L. G. 2013: Range formulas of lichenized fungi of the family Umbilicariaceae from Mongolia on the base of the World terrestrial ecoregions map [Formuly arealov likhenizirovannykh gribov semeistva Umbilicariaceae na osnove obshchemirovoi karty ekoregionov sushy]. - Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii 47: 179-199. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35090]
    Notes: In Russian with English title.
    URL:
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  • Bidussi, M./ Y. Gauslaa/ K. A. Solhaug 2013: Prolonging the hydration and active metabolism from light periods into nights substantially enhances lichen growth. - Planta 237(5): 1359-1366. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34856]
    Keywords: Lobaria/ Nocturnal metabolism/ Photoinhibition/ Relative growth rate/ Specific thallus mass
    Abstract: This study investigates how hydration during light and dark periods influences growth in two epiphytic old forest lichens, the green algal Lobaria pulmonaria and the cyanobacterial L. scrobiculata. The lichens were cultivated in growth chambers for 14 days (200 ?mol m-1 s-2; 12 h photoperiod) at four temperature regimes (25/20 °C, 21/16 °C, 13/8 °C, and 6/1 °C; day/night temperatures) and two hydration regimes (12 h day-time hydration; 12 h day-time + 12 h night-time hydration). Growth was highly dynamic, showing that short-term growth experiments in growth cabinets have a high, but largely unexplored potential in functional lichen studies. The highest measured growth rates were not far from the maximal dry matter gain estimated from published net photosynthetic CO2 uptake data. For the entire data set, photobiont type, temperature, hydration regime and specific thallus mass accounted for 46. 6 % of the variation in relative growth rate (RGR). Both species showed substantially higher relative growth rates based on both biomass (RGR) and thallus area (RTAGR) when they were hydrated day and night compared to hydration in light only. Chronic photoinhibition was substantial in thalli hydrated only during the day time and kept at the highest and lowest temperature regimes, resulting in exponential increases in RGR with increasing maximal PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) in both species. However, the depression in Fv/Fm was stronger for the cyanolichen than for the cephalolichen at extreme temperatures. The growth-stimulating effect of night-time hydration suggests that nocturnal metabolic activity improves recovery of photoinhibition and/or enhances the conversion rate of photosynthates into thallus extension. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-013-1851-y
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  • Bielczyk, U./ L. Sliwa 2013: Pracownia lichenologii [History of Polish lichenology]. - In: Godzik, B./K. Wolowski: Historia bad i rozwoju. , pp. 177-206. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35032]
    Notes: In Polish.
    URL:
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  • Bjerke, J. W./ S. Bokhorst/ T. V. Callaghan/ M. Zielke/ G. K. Phoenix/ Ophof, A. A./ K. W. Oldeboer/ J/ Kumpula 2013: Intake and chemical composition of winter and spring forage plants consumed by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Northern Finland. - Animal Feed Science and Technology 185(3-4): 190-195. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35063]
    Keywords: carbon flux/ climate change/ cryptogams/ dormancy/ gas exchange/ nitrogen fixation/ reactivation/ snow melt/ subnivean environment/ winter warming/ Chemical composition/ Diet/ Faeces/ Forage plants/ Nutrition/ Reindeer
    Abstract: Reindeer diets are highly influenced by seasonal availability of forage plants and their nutritive value. This study investigated the use and chemical composition of winter and spring forage plants consumed by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) grazing on natural pastures in Northern Finland. Reindeer diet composition was determined by microhistological analysis of faeces collected during winter and spring. Terrestrial lichen species (mainly Cladonia sp.) dominated the winter and spring diet of reindeer, as well as various dwarf shrub species. A seasonal shift occurred in the diet, with proportion of lichen which corresponded with an increase in graminoids as spring progressed, reflecting reindeer adaptations to seasonal fluctuations of forage quality and availability. Chemical composition of forage plants showed that terrestrial lichen had high levels of hemicellulose, while arboreal lichen had relatively high nitrogen levels. In contrast, new growth of birch leaf, graminoids and dwarf shrub had high levels of crude protein, ether extract and minerals. The observed diet composition and its chemical content reflect high seasonal variability in the availability and intake of nutrients to which reindeer have adapted. © 2013.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.08.005
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  • Boan, J. J./ B. E. Mclaren/ J. R. Malcolm 2013: Predicting non-inventoried forest elements using forest inventory data: The case of winter forage for woodland caribou. - Ecoscience 20(2): 101-111. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35154]
    Keywords: Cladonia/ forage/ Forest resource inventory/ Remote-sensing/ Wildlife habitat models/ Woodland caribou/ coniferous forest/ deer/ forage/ forest canopy/ forest inventory/ forest management/ lichen/ remote sensing/ timber/ woodland/ Canada/ Ontario [Canada]
    Abstract: Growing development pressures and expectations that forest managers provide future wildlife habitat require better understanding of species' habitat needs, particularly food, cover, and space requirements, and an ability to spatially depict these needs. In forest management in Canada, the primary data used to identify and quantify wildlife habitat reside in remotely sensed forest resource inventories (FRI) that were originally developed to assess timber values for merchantable tree species. Although FRI- and field-based sampling do not always show strong agreement, research has shown that FRI can be informative for wildlife habitat assessments. However, much uncertainty remains when investigating forest characteristics that are not visible to the interpreters, such as sub-canopy features. Here, we used 152 plots in northwestern Ontario to compare the ability of field-based and remotely sensed forest inventories to predict Cladonia lichen cover, a primary winter food source for woodland caribou. The best model for field-based data, which included percentage of jack pine and black spruce in the tree canopy, tree height, stand age, soil moisture, and stem density, correctly predicted 92% of cases where Cladonia spp. were absent (n = 107 plots) and 62% of cases where they were present (i.e., cover >1%; n = 45 plots). FRI performed poorly by contrast, with corresponding percentages of 96 and 19%. FRI provide weak data support for differentiating winter forage availability for woodland caribou, an important habitat factor at the stand level. These findings have important implications for predictions of herd productivity, and suggest that improved remote-sensing capabilities are required in order to assess woodland caribou winter habitat.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/20-2-3567
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  • Bovenkamp, G. L./ A. Prange/ W. Schumacher/ K. Ham/ A. P. Smith/ J. Hormes 2013: Lead uptake in diverse plant families: A study applying X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. - Environmental Science and Technology 47(9): 4375-4382. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34871]
    Abstract: The chemical environment of lead in roots and leaves of plants from four different plant families and a lichen from a former lead mining site in the Eifel Mountains in Germany was determined by Pb L3-edge XANES measurements using solid reference compounds and also aqueous solutions of different ionic strength simulating the plant environment. Pb2+ ions in the plants were found to have two major coordinations, one with nine oxygen atoms in the first coordination shell similar to outer-sphere complexation and a second coordination with just three oxygen atoms similar to inner-sphere complexation. This can be interpreted assuming that lead is sorbed on the surface of cell walls depending on the concentration of lead in the soil solution. Pb L3-edge XANES spectra of dried and fresh plant samples are very similar because sorption does not change with removal of water but only because of the initial ionic strength. No bonding to biologically important groups (-S,
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302408m
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  • Brodo, I. M./ R. C. Harris/ W. R. Buck/ J. C. Lendemer/ C. Lewis 2013: Lichens of the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario: Results from the 17th Tuckerman Workshop, 18-22 Sept. 2008. - Opuscula Philolichenum 12: 198-232. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35034]
    Abstract: An inventory of the lichens of Bruce Peninsula National Park and Fathom Five National Marine Park in the Georgian Bay area of southern Ontario was carried out by 30 lichenologists participating in the 2008 Tuckerman Workshop. A list of 370 species of lichens, related fungi and lichenicolous fungi was compiled, documenting that the parks are remarkably rich in lichens, including many rarities. Following the park inventory, an additional 21 lichens from Bruce County are listed based on the published literature and other recent collections. Twelve lichens, one related fungus and nine lichenicolous fungi are additions to the Canadian lichen flora: Acarospora moenium, Bagliettoa baldensis, Biatora ocelliformis, Caloplaca flavocitrina, Clavascidium umbrinum, Dermatocarpon dolomiticum, D. muhlenbergii, Heppia adglutinata, Lecania cuprea, Opegrapha mougeotii, Thelidium minutulum, Heteroplacidium compactum; Mycoglaena myricae; Capronia peltigerae, Lichenoconium erodens, Muellerella hospitans, M. ventosicola, Phaeopyxis punctum, Phoma cladoniicola, Plectocarpon cladoniae, Polycoccum minutulum, Tremella candelariellae. An additional 35 lichens, two related fungi, and 13 lichenicolous fungi are new for Ontario: Acarospora macrospora, Biatora chrysantha, B. turgidula, Biatorella hemisphaerica, Botryolepraria lesdainii, Buellia griseovirens, Caloplaca saxicola, C. subsoluta, Cladonia atlantica, Clauzadea monticola, Cliostomum leprosum, Diplotomma venustum, Enterographa zonata, Farnoldia hypocrita, Gyalecta foveolaris, Hymenelia heteromorpha, Lempholemma isidiodes, Lepraria caesiella, L. eburnea, Leptogium intermedium, Opegrapha rufescens, Placidium squamulosum, Porpidia contraponenda, P. macrocarpa f. nigrocruenta, P. soredizodes, P. superba, Pseudosagedia aenea, Psorotichia schaereri, Pycnora sorophora, Sagiolechia protuberans, Thelocarpon epibolum var. epithallinum, Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa, Vezdaea acicularis, Violella fucata and Xylographa vitiligo; Epigloea pleiospora and Sarea difformis; Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Cornutispora ciliaris, Lettauia cladoniicola, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Muellerella erratica, M. lichenicola, Nectriopsis parmeliae, Phoma cladoniicola, Pronectria robergei, Refractohilum peltigerae and Spirographa fusisporella. A total of 77 range extensions are presented, many of which are significant discoveries, but others of which represent the first Canadian records of species that have been found to be common and widespread in adjacent regions of the United States. With regard to lichens, the parks now constitute the best-studied area of their size in Ontario. Eiglera flavida is an additional report for Bruce County not collected on the workshop; it is also new for Ontario. Of the habitats visited in the park, the shoreline cliffs and adjoining forests at Halfway Log Dump are the most rich in species (223). Flowerpot Island was almost as diverse (196). Although somewhat less diverse, the alvars (with 149 species) also contained several remarkable records and a surprising number of species.
    URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/webmedia.php?irn=1124570
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  • Bruggeman, I. 2013: Athelia arachnoidea, a pluriform species. - Coolia 56(4): 183-185. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35028]
    Notes: In Dutch with English abstract.
    URL:
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  • Brunialti, G./ S. Ravera/ L. Frati 2013: Mediterranean old-growth forests: The role of forest type in the conservation of epiphytic lichens. - Nova Hedwigia 96(3-4): 367-381. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34847]
    Keywords: Conservation/ Lichens/ Mediterranean area/ Old-growth forests/ Species richness
    Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of forest type on epiphytic lichen communities and selected indicator species, useful for long-term monitoring programs in Mediterranean forests. The results showed that only few species are common to many plots while others are locally rare. Epiphytic lichen diversity and communities were significantly influenced by forest type: Quercus cerris-dominated forests hosted a richer lichen flora, Fagus sylvatica-dominated forests showed the majority of rare species, while mixed forests, though poorly represented in the study area, hosted the majority of indicator species, revealing the presence of important and exclusive habitats. In particular, old established forests are characterized by both stand-and tree-continuity, while mixed forests offer a higher diversity of tree substrates. Our findings highlight the role of tree substrate variability for lichen colonisation. The presence of non-dominant tree species contributes to the variability of habitats and ecological niches. This allows the development of well preserved lichen communities compared to those of structurally less complex or even monospecific forests. © 2012 J. Cramer in Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0069
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  • Bu, K./ J. V. Cizdziel/ D. Dasher 2013: Plutonium concentration and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in biota collected from Amchitka Island, Alaska: Recent measurements using ICP-SFMS. - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 124: 29-36. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34858]
    Keywords: 240Pu/ 239Pu ratio/ Amchitka Island/ Freshwater moss/ Horse mussel/ ICP-SFMS/ Kelp/ Lichen/ Plutonium
    Abstract: Three underground nuclear tests, including the Unites States' largest, were conducted on Amchitka Island, Alaska. Monitoring of the radiological environment around the island is challenging because of its remote location. In 2008, the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) became responsible for the long term maintenance and surveillance of the Amchitka site. The first DOE LM environmental survey occurred in 2011 and is part of a cycle of activities that will occur every 5 years. The University of Alaska Fairbanks, a participant in the 2011 study, provided the lichen (Cladonia spp.), freshwater moss (Fontinalis neomexicanus), kelp (Eualaria fistulosa) and horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) samples from Amchitka Island and Adak Island (a control site). These samples were analyzed for 239Pu and 240Pu concentration and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Plutonium concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios were generally consistent with previous terrestrial and marine studies in the region. The 239+240Pu levels (mBq kg-1, dry weight) ranged from 3.79 to 57.1 for lichen, 167-700 for kelp, 27.9-148 for horse mussel, and 560-573 for moss. Lichen from Adak Island had higher Pu concentrations than Amchitka Island, the difference was likely the result of the higher precipitation at Adak compared to Amchitka. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios were significantly higher in marine samples compared to terrestrial and freshwater samples (t-test, p<0.001); lichen and moss averaged 0.184±0.007, similar to the integrated global fallout ratio, whereas kelp and mussel (soft tissue) averaged 0.226±0.003. These observations provide supporting evidence that a large input of isotopically heavier Pu occurred into the North Pacific Ocean, likely from the Marshall Island high yield nuclear tests, but other potential sources, such as the Kamchatka Peninsula Rybachiy Naval Base and Amchitka Island underground nuclear test site cannot be ruled out. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.03.002
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  • Bungartz, F./ G. Hillmann/ K. Klaus/ J. A. Elix 2013: Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae). - Phytotaxa 150(1): 1-28. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35177]
    Keywords: Census of galapagos biodiversity/ Ecuador/ Galapagos lichen inventory/ Lepraria lendemeri sp. nov/ Leprocaulon/ Nelsenium/ Septotrapelia usnica comb.nov./ South America
    Abstract: As part of an ongoing species inventory for the Galapagos Archipelago, sterile leprose and leproid lichens have been revised. Differences between leprose vs. leproid growth forms are discussed in the light of significant recent advances in the taxonomy of Lepraria. Five species have a strictly leprose morphology: Lepraria achariana, L. aff. incana, L. finkii, and L. vouauxii (all new to Galapagos), and L. lendemeri sp. nov. A sixth species, L. tenella, forms minutely fruticose thalli, but its recent transfer from Leprocaulon into Lepraria confirms its close affinity to species with similar chemistry such as L. vouauxii. Even though L. vouauxii does not develop pseudopodetia, it forms thalli that closely resemble immature specimens of L. tenella. Fertile material of a seventh species, "Lepraria" usnica, also new to Galapagos, confirms that this species does indeed belong in the Pilocarpaceae as molecular studies previously indicated. Its apothecia are identical to those of a Septotrapelia. Consequently, the recently described genus Nelsenium is reduced to synonymy and the new combination Septotrapelia usnica proposed. Many other sterile lichens occur in Galapagos and several have a very similar, leproid or even leprose morphology. A key for all those taxa is presented, emphasizing their inconspicuous, though distinct morphological differences. © 2013 Magnolia Press.
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  • Burkin, A. A./ G. P. Kononenko 2013: Peculiarities of mycotoxin accumulation in lichens. - Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 49(5): 521-528. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 34965]
    Abstract: The levels and frequencies of mycotoxin accumulation in lichens belonging to 20 genera of the families Cladoniaceae, Nephromataceae, Parmeliaceae, Peltigeraceae, Teloschistaceae, and Umbilicariaceae were characterized using enzyme immunoassay. Alternariol, sterigmatocystin, mycophenolic acid, citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid, and emodin were regularly detected in all genera, except for Peltigera, at an average level of more than 1000 ng/g (i.e., 0.0001%). The necessity for the safety monitoring of drugs based on lichen extractives is discussed. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0003683813050037
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  • Burkin, A. A./ G. P. Kononenko/ T. Y. Tolpysheva 2013: Enzyme immunoassay of usnic acid in lichens. - Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 49(3): 315-321. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34875]
    Abstract: An enzyme immunoassay for usnic acid in lichens was developed, the sensitivity of which was 0. 1 ?g/g of air-dried material (0. 00001%). Polyclonal rabbit antibodies against bovine serum albumin conjugated to (+)-usnic acid under the conditions of formaldehyde condensation made it possible to determine the analyzed substance in solutions at concentrations from 1 ng/mL when it interacts with immobilized gelatin conjugate homologous in the binding mode. Usnic acid in 2-26600 ?g/g (0. 0002-2. 6%) amounts was found in all 236 studied samples of lichens belonging to 53 species and 8 families. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000368381303006X
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  • Cáceres, M. E. D. S./ D. A. Mota/ L. S. D. Jesus/ A. Aptroot 2013: The new lichen species Micarea corallothallina from Serra da Jibóia, an Atlantic rainforest enclave in Bahia, NE Brazil. - Lichenologist 45(3): 371-373. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34876]
    Keywords: isidia/ Mata Atlântica/ new species/ Pilocarpaceae/ taxonomy
    Abstract: The new species Micarea corallothallina is described from Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, NE Brazil. It has a gnarled, coralloid, isidiose thallus and pale botryose apothecia. It was found in the Serra da Jibóia, a mountainous range with a maximum elevation of 800 m on smooth bark of trees. This Mata Atlantica fragment is located in the Santa Terezinha municipality, Bahia, NE Brazil, near the Castro Alves municipality boundary. This area can be considered as a rainforest enclave surrounded by Caatinga, and belongs to a disjunct set of mountains that extend from the southern coast of the state to the North-west and North. © 2013 British Lichen Society.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000886
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  • Cáceres, M. E. D. S./ D. S. Andrade/ G. K. Océa/ A. Aptroot 2013: A new Eugeniella from a small Atlantic rainforest remnant in Sergipe, NE Brazil. - Lichenologist 45(3): 367-369. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34883]
    Keywords: Fazenda Cafuz/ lichen/ Mata Atlântica/ Pilocarpaceae/ Serra de Itabaiana/ taxonomy
    Abstract: The new species Eugeniella nigrodisca is described from Fazenda Cafuz, Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, NE Brazil, where it was found on bark. It is characterized by the clavate, consistently 7-septate ascospores. © 2013 British Lichen Society.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000874
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  • Cáceres, M. E. D. S./ E. L. D. Lima/ A. Aptroot 2013: A new Opegrapha with submuriform ascospores from Brazil. - Lichenologist 45(3): 375-378. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34881]
    Keywords: Caatinga/ Dictyographa/ Lecanographa/ lichen/ new species/ Pernambuco/ Roccellaceae/ taxonomy
    Abstract: The new species Opegrapha subdictyospora is described from NE Brazil. It is only the third species in the genus with (sub)muriform ascospores and is further characterized by the brown pruinose discs. It was collected at Vale do Catimbau National Park in Pernambuco, which is a Caatinga area, where it is locally common. © 2013 British Lichen Society.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000850
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  • Cáceres, M. E. D. S./ M. W. O. D. Santos/ C. D. O. Mendonça/ D. A. Mota/ A. Aptroot 2013: New lichen species of the genera Porina and Byssoloma from an urban Atlantic rainforest patch in Sergipe, NE Brazil. - Lichenologist 45(3): 379-382. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34874]
    Keywords: Aracaju/ lichen/ Mata Atlântica/ Pilocarpaceae/ Porinaceae/ taxonomy
    Abstract: The new species Byssoloma catillariosporum and Porina isidioambigua are described from NE Brazil. The first is reminiscent of B. leucoblepharum but differs by the consistently uniseptate ascospores. The second is characterized by tiny isidia and black perithecia with relatively large, 3-septate ascospores. Both species were found at the Área de Proteço Ambiental (APA) Morro do Urubu, an area of c. 214 hectares in the large (500 000 inhabitants) city of Aracaju. It is the only urban Mata Atlântica remnant in Aracaju, with mesophytic deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, and cerrado enclaves in isolated points. © 2013 British Lichen Society.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000054
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  • Cáceres, M. E. D. S./ V. M. Dos Santos/ D. T. De Góes/ D. A. Mota/ A. Aptroot 2013: Two new species of Malmidea from north-eastern Brazil. - Lichenologist 45(5): 619-622. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34993]
    Keywords: anthraquinone/ lichens/ Malmideaceae/ Mata Atlântica/ Mata do Crasto/ Santa Luzia do Itanhy/ Serra da Jibóia
    Abstract: Two new species, Malmidea pallidoatlantica and Malmidea sulphureosorediata, are described from NE Brazil. The first is close to M. atlantica but differs by the hyaline or pale hypothecium. The second species is a bright golden yellow sorediate crust which is assigned to the genus Malmidea because it contains the same anthraquinone pigment as M. atlantica and M. pallidoatlantica. The three species together could be referred to as the Malmidea atlantica group. Both new species were found in Mata Atlântica fragments. Malmidea sulphureosorediata was found in the Serra da Jibóia, a mountain range with a maximum elevation of 800 m, in a transitional area between the Atlantic forest and Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State. Malmidea pallidoatlantica was found in Mata do Crasto, one of the most important Atlantic forest remnants in Sergipe. It is a well-preserved Mata Atlântica relict of c. 700 hectares, at sea level. Copyright © British Lichen Society 2013.
    Notes: New species: Malmidea pallidoatlantica and Malmidea sulphureosorediata.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000248
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  • Cáceres, M. E. S./ R. Lücking 2013: Acanthothecis sarcographoides (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), a morphologically unique, new lichen species in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. - Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(3): 472-475. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34961]
    Keywords: Mata do Crasto/ Santa Luzia do Itanhy/ Sergipe
    Abstract: A new species of Acanthothecis is described in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Unlike any other species in the genus, it has distinctly pseudo-stromatic ascomata that resemble those of the genus Sarcographa. However, its apically spinulose paraphyses, I-negative ascospores with thin endospore closely resemble those of other Acanthothecis species. A previous molecular phylogenetic analysis places the new species close to the type species of Acanthothecis, A. hololeucoides. The discovery of this unique new species underscores the importance of thorough biotic surveys in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, where it is likely that many more unknown lichen species await discovery.
    Notes: New species: Acanthothecis sarcographoides M. Cáceres & Lücking.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000300002
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  • Cadena-Castañeda, O. J. 2013: The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. - Zootaxa 3599(6): 501-518. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34918]
    Keywords: Biodiversity/ Camouflage/ Colour polymorphism/ Lichen/ Neotropics/ Phaneropterinae/ Rainforest/ Usnea
    Abstract: This paper clarifies the status of the species of the genus Markia White, 1862, also providing new distribution data. It describes M. erinaceus from Peru, M. arizae n.sp. from the Amazonian foothills of Colombia and Ecuador, M. sarriai n.sp. from the Colombian Biogeographic Chocó, M. espinachi n.sp. from Costa Rica; as well as the true male of M. major (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878), clarifying the real distributional range this latter species. M. longivertex n. syn., is proposed as a synonym of M. major. The colour polymorphism in M. hystrix (Westwood, 1844) is discussed and its distribution range is defined. A key to the species of Markia is provided. Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
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  • Camathias, L./ A. Bergamini/ M. Küchler/ S. Stofer/ A. Baltensweiler 2013: High-resolution remote sensing data improves models of species richness. - Applied Vegetation Science 16(4): 539-551. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34950]
    Keywords: Biodiversity/ Bryophytes/ Epiphytic lichens/ Hierarchical partitioning/ High-resolution digital surface and terrain models/ LiDAR/ SPOT satellite spectral imagery/ Vascular plants
    Abstract: Question: Can predictors derived from air- and space-borne high-resolution remote sensing data improve models of species richness commonly built using coarser-scaled environmental variables? Location: Switzerland, covering 41 244 km2 of Central Europe. Methods: We applied linear regressions to model species richness of woody species, herbs, edaphic bryophytes and epiphytic lichens in Swiss forests. We included high-resolution predictors derived from digital height models and from satellite spectral images. Coarser-scaled predictors characterizing climatic and topographic conditions were also included, as were soil properties and geology. We applied hierarchical partitioning to regression models to investigate the independent contribution of each predictor set to species richness models. Results: Predictors derived from high-resolution remote sensing data substantially improved the species richness models (increase 14-55% of R2). However, coarse-scaled climatic and topographic predictors still explained a high proportion of the variance in the species richness data in all models, independently of other predictors commonly used. The importance of the remotely sensed variables was strongly dependent on the biogeographic region considered. The species richness models of smaller organisms of the forest floor (herbs and edaphic bryophytes) benefited greatly from adding high-resolution topographic predictors, indicating the importance of microtopographic heterogeneity for these groups. Both epiphytic lichens and herbs responded strongly to indicators of structural properties of the forest stand. Conclusions: High-resolution remote sensing data is a proxy for micro-environmental structures and variation in these structures. Our results show that predictors derived from such data can improve species richness models considerably, especially in regions with low climatic and/or topographic variation. High-resolution remote sensing variables excellently complement coarser-scaled predictors, as they are available over large areas at low cost. © 2013 International Association for Vegetation Science.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12028
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  • Cameron, R./ Goudie, I./ Richardson, D. 2013: Habitat loss exceeds habitat regeneration for an IUCN flagship lichen epiphyte: Erioderma pedicellatum. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43(11): 1075-1080. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35139]
    Keywords: Critically endangered/ Forest harvesting/ Forestry operations/ Habitat model/ Historical data/ Modeling process/ Satellite data/ Suitable habitat/ Felt/ Felts/ Fungi/ Harvesting/ Reforestation/ Timber/ Ecosystems/ boreal forest/ endangered species/ habitat conservation/ habitat loss/ habitat structure/ habitat type/ human activity/ lichen/ numerical model/ Felts/ Forestry/ Harvesting/ Lichens/ Nova Scotia/ Reforestation/ Satellites/ Canada/ Nova Scotia
    Abstract: The boreal felt lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum. (Hue) P.M. J0rg.) is globally critically endangered, being threatened by forestry operations, habitat disturbance, and air pollution. To determine if loss of habitat due to forestry activities has occurred in Nova Scotia, a predictive habitat model was built using historical data from 1988. Satellite data were used for the period between 1987 and 2005 to determine the amount of suitable habitat harvested during this period. Available habitat was modeled through time from 1988 to 2005 in which area harvested was subtracted and regeneration was added in 3- to 5-year time steps. The predicted suitable boreal felt lichen habitat area was then modeled from 2005 to 2055 using the same harvesting assumptions and modeling process, but using 10-year time steps. The results of the model indicated that there has been a loss of 2311 ha (11.5%) in the amount of predicted suitable boreal felt lichen habitat between 1988 and 2005. A forward-projected drop is predicted between 2005 and 2055 that will amount to 4499 ha (25.4%), assuming no change in forest harvesting. Protection of unoccupied habitat surrounding existing boreal felt is recommended.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfi-2013-0024
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  • Campbell, J./ P. Bengtson/ A. L. Fredeen/ D. S. Coxson/ C. E. Prescott 2013: Does exogenous carbon extend the realized niche of canopy lichens? Evidence from sub-boreal forests in British Columbia. - Ecology 94(5): 1186-1195. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34898]
    Keywords: 13C-glucose/ Cyanolichen/ Fatty acid/ Niche/ Populus overstory/ Symbiosis
    Abstract: Foliose lichens with cyanobacterial bionts (bipartite and tripartite) form a distinct assemblage of epiphytes strongly associated with humid microclimatic conditions in inland British Columbia. Previous research showed that these cyano- and cephalolichen communities are disproportionately abundant and species-rich on conifer saplings beneath Populus compared to beneath other tree species. More revealing, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts were observed beneath Populus even in stands that did not otherwise support them. We experimentally test the hypothesis that this association is due to the interception of glucoserich nectar that is exuded from Populus extra-floral nectaries (EFN). Using CO2 flux measurements and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis with experimental applications of 13C6-labeled glucose, we demonstrate that cyano- and cephalolichens have a strong respiratory response to glucose. Lichens treated with glucose had lower net photosynthesis and higher establishment rates than control thalli. Furthermore, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts rapidly incorporate exogenous 13C into lichen fatty acid tissues. A large proportion of the 13C taken up by the lichens was incorporated into fungal biomarkers, suggesting that the mycobiont absorbed and assimilated the majority of applied 13C6 glucose. Our observations suggest that both cyanolichens and cephalolichens may utilize an exogenous source of glucose, made available by poplar EFNs. The exogenous C may enable these lichens to become established by providing a source of C for fungal respiration despite drought-induced inactivity of the cyanobacterial partner. As such, the mycobiont may adopt an alternative nutritional strategy, using available exogenous carbon to extend its realized niche. © 2013 by the Ecological Society of America.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1857.1
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  • Carballal, R. 2013: The genus Roccella in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. - Botanica Complutensis 37: 13-20. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35146]
    Keywords: Balearic Islands/ Iberian Peninsula/ Lichens/ Roccella
    Abstract: The morphological, anatomical, chemical and geographical data of 6 species of genus Roccella is reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. An identification key based in macroscopic characters and chemical reactions is presented. Roccella elisabethae is recorded for the first time from continental Europe.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev-BOCM.2013.v37.42263
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  • Catalá, M./ F. Gasulla/ A. E. Pradas Del Real/ F. García-Breijo/ J. Reig-Armiñana/ E. Barreno 2013: The organic air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide interferes with NO antioxidant role in rehydrating lichen. - Environmental Pollution 179: 277-284. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34896]
    Keywords: Lichens/ Nitric oxide/ ROS/ Trebouxia/ Volatile organic pollutants
    Abstract: Organic pollutants effects on lichens have not been addressed. Rehydration is critical for lichens, a burst of free radicals involving NO occurs. Repeated dehydrations with organic pollutants could increase oxidative damage. Our aim is to learn the effects of cumene hydroperoxide (CP) during lichen rehydration using Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., its photobiont Trebouxia spp. and Asterochloris erici. Confocal imaging shows intracellular ROS and NO production within myco and phycobionts, being the chloroplast the main source of free radicals. CP increases ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation and reduces chlorophyll autofluorescence, although photosynthesis remains unaffected. Concomitant NO inhibition provokes a generalized increase of ROS and a decrease in photosynthesis. Our results suggest that CP induces a compensatory hormetic response in Ramalina farinacea that could reduce the lichen's antioxidant resources after repeated desiccation-rehydration cycles. NO is important in the protection from CP. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.015
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  • Çobanoglu G./ B. Açikgöz/ L. Baloniu 2013: Contributions to lichen diversity of Turkey from the Sarisu area (Kocaeli). - Turkish Journal of Botany 37(5): 964-969. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34963]
    Keywords: Biodiversity/ Biota/ Kocaeli/ Lichenised fungi/ biota/ identification method/ lichen/ new record/ species diversity/ taxonomy/ Turkey
    Abstract: A total of 85 lichen taxa from the Sarisu area of the district of Kandi{dotless}ra in Kocaeli Province were listed. Three new records for the biota of Turkey, Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch, Lecania cuprea (A.Massal.) Van den Boom & Coppins, and Opegrapha calcarea Turner ex Sm., have been identified within the context of this study along with 81 new taxa for the province of Kocaeli. © TÜB?TAK.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1207-23
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  • Çolak, S./ F. Geyikoglu/ H. Türkez/ T.-Bakir/ A. Aslan 2013: The ameliorative effect of Cetraria islandica against diabetes-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human blood. - Pharmaceutical Biology 51(12): 1531-1537. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35141]
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus/ Genotoxicity/ Human blood cultures/ Lichen/ Oxidative stress/ catalase/ cell nucleus DNA/ Cetraria islandica extract/ glutathione peroxidase/ lichen extract/ malonaldehyde/ plant extract/ superoxide dismutase/ unclassified drug/ adolescent/ adult/ antioxidant activity/ article/ blood sampling/ cell viability/ cellular parameters/ child/ controlled study/ culture medium/ DNA damage/ drug determination/ drug efficacy/ enzyme activity/ erythrocyte/ erythrocyte culture/ genomic instability/ human/ in vitro study/ insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/ lichen islandicus/ lymphocyte culture/ medicinal plant/ oxidative stress/ peripheral lymphocyte/ proliferation index/ protein blood level/ school child
    Abstract: Context: The aqueous extracts of Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae) is traditionally used in many countries against a number of conditions, including inflammatory conditions. Objective: The present study aimed to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of C. islandica in cultured primary blood cells of Type 1 diabetes subjects. Materials and methods: Diabetic and control blood samples were treated with or without aqueous lichen extract (5 and 10 ?g mL-1) for 48 h. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and also malondialdehyde levels in plasma were determined to evaluate the oxidative status. DNA damages were analyzed by SCE, MN and comet assays in cultured human lymphocytes. Additionally, proliferation index (PI) was evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results: There were significant increases in observed total DNA damage (comet assay) (240.2%) and SCE (168.8%), but not in MN frequencies of cultures with diabetes as compared (p > 0.05) to controls. Whereas, the significant reductions of total DNA damage (69.2 and 65.3%) and SCE frequencies (17.7 and 12.3%) were determined when the 5 and 10 mg mL-1 lichen extract was added to the cell culture medium, respectively. However, lichen extract did not completely inhibit the induction of SCEs in lymphocytes of patients with diabetes. C. islandica extract was also useful on PI rates. Discussion: In conclusion, the antioxidant role of C. islandica in alleviating diabetes-induced genomic instability and for increasing cell viability was firstly indicated in the present study. 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.801994
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  • Celenza, G./ B. Segatore/ D. Setacci/ M. Perilli/ F. Brisdelli/ P. Bellio/ M. Piovano/ J. A. Garbarino/ G. Amicosante/ M. Nicoletti 2013: Antibacterial activity of selected metabolites from Chilean lichen species against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. - Natural Product Research 27(17): 1528-1531. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34943]
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity/ Antimicrobial resistance/ Lichen secondary metabolites/ Methicillin-resistant staphylococci
    Abstract: The in vitro antibacterial activities of eight compounds isolated from lichens, collected in several Southern regions of Chile (including Antarctica), were evaluated against methicillin-resistant clinical isolates strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus warneri. The minimum inhibitory concentrations, calculated in microdilution, were ranging from 8 mgmL1 for sphaerophorin to 1024 mgmL1 for fumarprotocetraric acid. These findings suggest, however, that the natural compounds from lichens are good candidates for the individuation of novel templates for the development of new antimicrobial agents or combinations of drugs for chemotherapy. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.730043
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  • Chamizo, S./ Y. Cantón/ R. Lázaro/ F. Domingo 2013: The role of biological soil crusts in soil moisture dynamics in two semiarid ecosystems with contrasting soil textures. - Journal of Hydrology 489: 74-84. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34846]
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria/ Lichen/ Scalped soil/ Soil moisture/ Soil water loss
    Abstract: The interplant soil surfaces in most arid and semiarid ecosystems are covered by biological soil crusts (BSCs). These crusts regulate water inputs and losses through soils and play major roles in local hydrological regimes. In recent years, the role of BSCs in infiltration and runoff has gained increasing importance and better knowledge of their effects on these processes has been acquired. However, the role of BSCs in other important components of the water balance, such as evaporation or soil moisture has hardly been studied, so their effects on these processes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of BSCs on soil moisture regimes in the top layer of the soil in two semiarid ecosystems in SE Spain with different particle-size distributions. At both study sites, soil moisture was monitored at 0.03 and 0.10. m under two types of BSCs, a cyanobacteria-dominated BSC and a lichen-dominated BSC, and in adjacent soils where they had been removed. Our results showed that during wet soil periods, removal of BSCs led to decreased soil moisture, especially in the upper layer (0.03. m), compared to soils covered by BSCs. Decrease in soil moisture was more noticeable after removal of lichens than cyanobacterial BSCs, and more so in fine than in coarse-textured soils. Soil water loss was also generally faster in soils with no BSCs than in soils covered by them. However, no difference was found in soil moisture under either crusted or scalped soils during soil drying periods. The type of BSC influenced soil moisture differently depending on soil water content. During wet soil periods, soil water loss was faster and soil moisture lower under cyanobacterial than under lichen BSCs. On the contrary, during soil drying periods, soils covered by lichens lost water faster and showed lower moisture than those covered by cyanobacteria. Our results show the major role of the presence of BSCs, as well as the types, in soil water content in semiarid ecosystems. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.051
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  • Cheon, D. -M./ D. S. Jang/ H. Y. Kim/ K. S. Choi/ S. K. Choi 2013: Detection of antifungal endolichenic fungi and antifungal compound. - Korean Journal of Microbiology 49(2): 165-171. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34951]
    Keywords: 14-octadecenoic acid-methyl ester/ Antifungal/ Endolichenic fungi/ Hexadecanonic acid-methyl ester/ Stereocaulon sp.
    Abstract: To isolate a novel antifungal compound, we obtained 571 kinds of endolichenic fungi from Lichen Bioresources Center and examined their antifungal abilities. Four fungi Stereocaulon sp. (1429), Stereocaulon sp. (1430), Cryptosporiopsis sp. (0156), and Graphis sp. (1245) showed high antifungal activity against Candida albicans when they grew in both liquid and solid media. We extracted the culture supernatants of these fungi with chloroform and then ethyl acetate. The chloroform fraction exhibited the highest anti-fungal activities when those fractions were examined for the growth inhibition of Candida albicans with disc diffusion method. To see information for the inhibitor present in chloroform fraction we employed GC-MS for the fractions of Stereocaulon sp. (1429). We found that hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, decanoic acid, hexadecanonic acid-methyl ester, 14-octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, and octadecenoic acid-methyl ester were present more in chloroform fraction than in ethylacetate fraction. This indicates that those compounds could be possible antifungal candidates since antifungal activity of chloroform extract was two times higher than that of ethyl acetate extract. © 2013, The Microbiological Society of Korea.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2013.3023
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  • Concostrina-Zubiri, L./ E. Huber-Sannwald/ I. Martínez/ J. L. Flores Flores/ A. Escudero 2013: Biological soil crusts greatly contribute to small-scale soil heterogeneity along a grazing gradient. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry 64: 28-36. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34867]
    Keywords: Biological soil crusts/ Cyanobacteria/ Disturbance gradient/ Grazing/ Lichen/ Moss/ Semiarid grassland/ Soil heterogeneity
    Abstract: Morphological and physiological characteristics of biological soil crusts (BSCs) enhance soil stability and fertility, and influence soil chemistry. However, the effect of BSCs on soil physico-chemical properties may vary depending on taxa (cyanobacteria, lichen, bryophytes) and species, and be susceptible to soil surface disturbance. We examined a wide variety of soil physico-chemical properties associated with five BSC components (cyanobacteria crust, one moss species, three lichen species) naturally occurring in the study area, and bare soil along a disturbance gradient in a semiarid grassland ecosystem in Central Mexico. We addressed the following questions: 1) Do different BSC components create distinct soil microsites characterized by a particular combination of physico-chemical properties? 2) Do distinct soil properties change beneath different BSC components? 3) Does grazing disturbance modify or override species-specific BSC effects? We found that BSC components and bare soil generated distinct soil microsites, however, this effect diminished with increasing grazing pressure. Also, most of the soil variables examined differed between BSC components and bare soil along the gradient. While soil properties associated with cyanobacteria were relatively similar compared to bare soil along the gradient, Diploschistes diacapsis and Lecidella sp. showed decreases in pH and marked differences in mineral nutrient concentration (i.e. variations in Na, Fe and Zn concentration respect to other BSC components and bare soil). Grazing intensity and frequency changed species-specific effects of D.diacapsis, specially modifying its effect on soil texture, diminishing its effect on pH, K and Na concentration, and increasing its effect on Ca and Zn concentration. We conclude that BSC components contribute to natural small-scale soil heterogeneity, and that soil disturbance substantially modifies the nature and magnitude of this effect with potentially important implications on ecosystem processes. Because of the potential influence of other factors (i.e. climate, vascular plants, microbial activity) on BSCs' relation to soil properties, this assertion should be tested including these factors and in multiple ecosystems. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.029
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  • Cordeiro, L. M. C./ F. Beilke./ V. De Fátima Reinhardt/ G. L. Sassaki/ M. Iacomini 2013: Rhamnogalactofuranan from the microalga Myrmecia biatorellae, symbiotic partner of Lobaria linita. - Phytochemistry 94: 254-259. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35074]
    Keywords: Lichen/ Lobaria linita/ Myrmecia biatorellae/ Polysaccharide/ Rhamnogalactofuranan/ Symbiotic microalgae
    Abstract: A structural study of the cell wall polysaccharides of Myrmecia biatorellae, the symbiotic algal partner of the lichenized fungus Lobaria linita was carried out. It produced a cold-water insoluble rhamnogalactofuranan, with a (1?3)-linked ?-D-galactofuranosyl main-chain, substituted at O-6 by single units of ?-D-Galf, or by side-chains of 2-O- and 2,4-di-O-linked ?-L-Rhap units. The structure of the polysaccharide was established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic analysis. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.008
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  • Czarnota, P./ E. Hernik 2013: Mniaecia jungermanniae and Puttea margaritella (lichenized Ascomycota) found in Poland. - Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 82(2): 175-179. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 34954]
    Keywords: Bryosymbionts/ Endophytes/ Gorce range/ Lichens/ Liverworts/ National park/ Symbiosis/ Tatra Mts
    Abstract: Two hepaticolous fungi, Mniaecia jungermanniae and Puttea margaritella rarely recorded in Europe have recently been found in Polish Western Carpathians. Both species are also reported here for the first time from Poland. Notes on their taxonomy, ecology and distribution are provided. © 2013 The Author(s).
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2013.014
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  • Dal-Forno, M./ J. D. Lawrey/ M. Sikaroodi/ S. Bhattarai/ P. M. Gillevet/ M. Sulzbacher/ R. Lücking 2013: Starting from scratch: Evolution of the lichen thallus in the basidiolichen Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). - Fungal Biology 117(9): 584-598. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34966]
    Keywords: Basidiocarp/ Basidiolichens/ Cyanolichens/ Mushrooms
    Abstract: Phylogenetic studies indicate that the basidiolichen genus Dictyonema s.lat., often thought to represent only a single genus with few species, includes several well-supported genus-level clades, all of which form associations with a unique lineage of obligately lichenized cyanobacteria (Rhizonema). In an attempt to elucidate the evolution and genus- and species-level diversification in Dictyonema s.lat., we generated 68 new sequences of the nuclear large subunit rDNA (nuLSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), for 29 species-level lineages representing all major clades of Dictyonema s.lat. and most of the species currently known. The multilocus phylogeny obtained via maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches indicates the presence of five genus-level groups: a basal clade, Cyphellostereum, that is sister to the rest of the species, a paraphyletic grade representing Dictyonema s.str., and three clades representing the genera Acantholichen, Cora, and Corella. To determine the evolutionary transformations of the lichenized thallus in the group, ancestral character state reconstruction was done using six characters (lichenisation, thallus type, cortex type, hyphal sheath and haustorial type, photobiont morphology, and basidiocarp type). Our analysis indicates a progressive development of the lichenized thallus from loosely organized filamentous crusts with separate, cyphelloid basidiocarps in Cyphellostereum, to filamentous crusts with derived hyphal sheath and cyphelloid-stereoid basidiocarps partially incorporated into the lichen thallus in Dictyonema, to squamulose-foliose thalli with corticioid basidiocarps entirely supported by the lichen thallus in Cora. These results indicate a remarkable evolutionary integration of lichenized and reproductive tissues in Dictyonema s.lat., supporting the hypothesis that, at least in this case, lichenized thalli may have evolved from reproductive structures in their nonlichenized ancestors. © 2013 The British Mycological Society.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.006
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  • Das, P./ S. Joshi/ J. Rout/ D. K. Upreti 2013: Lichen diversity for environmental stress study: Application of index of atmospheric purity (IAP) and mapping around a paper mill in Barak Valley, Assam, Northeast India. - Tropical Ecology 54(3): 355-364. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34829]
    Keywords: Ecological index/ Epiphytic lichens/ Frequency and coverage/ IAP/ Paper mill/ Pollution zone map
    Abstract: The paper discusses the application of lichen diversity in the form of Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) for environmental stress study (air pollution) around a paper mill in Assam, India. Seventeen sites were selected within an area of approximately 1800 km2 around the mill to prepare a stress zone map using IAP; the values ranged between 17 and 113, delineating the area into five zones. The zones are categorised as zone II (IAP: 1
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  • De La Rosa, J. P. M./ P. A. Warke/ B. J. Smith 2013: Lichen-induced biomodification of calcareous surfaces: Bioprotection versus biodeterioration. - Progress in Physical Geography 37(3): 325-351. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34920]
    Keywords: biodeterioration/ biomodification/ bioprotection/ calcareous rocks/ calcium oxalate/ lichen/ non-linear dynamical systems/ thalline shielding/ weathering
    Abstract: Studies demonstrate the active and passive capability of lichens to inhibit or retard the weathering of calcareous surfaces. Lichen coverage may actively protect a surface through shielding by the thallus and the binding and waterproofing of the rock surface and subsurface by fungal hyphae. Passive protection of rock surfaces may be induced by the formation of an insoluble encrustation, such as calcium oxalate, at the lichen-rock interface. Recent research suggests that the decay of hyphae, induced by changes in microenvironmental conditions, necrosis, parasitism or the natural physiological traits of particular lichen species, may expose a chemically and physically weakened substrate to dissolution, triggering relatively rapid weathering-related surface lowering. Consequently, certain epilithic crustose and endolithic lichens may induce a period of surface stability throughout the course of their lifespan, followed by a phase of instability and rapid episodic microtopographical evolution after death and decay. A series of conceptual models is proposed to illustrate this idea over short (single lichen lifespan) and long (multiple lichen lifespans) timescales. The models suggest that the microscale biogeomorphological system of lichen-rock interaction is underpinned by non-linear dynamical system theory as it exhibits dynamical instability and is consequently difficult to predict over a long timescale. Dominance by biodeterioration or bioprotection may be altered by changes in lichen species or in environmental conditions over time. © The Author(s) 2012.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133312467660
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  • De Vasconcelos, T. L./ E. C. Pereira/ N. H. Da Silva/ C. Vicente/ M. E. Legaz 2013: Intracellular urease activity in the lichen Cladonia verticillaris, and its implication for toxicity. - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 98: 310-316. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35132]
    Keywords: Ammonium/ Lichens/ Phenolics/ Protection/ Toxicity/ Urease/ ammonia/ urease/ alga/ ammonia/ ammonium/ bacterium/ concentration (composition)/ fertilizer application/ hydrolysis/ lichen/ phenolic compound/ toxicity/ urea/ article/ Brazil/ cell surface/ Cladonia/ Cladonia verticillaris/ controlled study/ cytochemistry/ enzyme activity/ enzyme release/ fertilization/ fungus isolation/ hydrolysis/ intercellular space/ nonhuman/ thallus/ Viridiplantae/ algae/ Cladonia verticillaris/ Saccharum
    Abstract: Urea is currently used as a nitrogen fertilizer in many plant cultures, such as sugar cane. Several lichen species grow in the edges of the fields fertilized with urea. This implies that the hydrolysis of an excess of urea by soil bacteria or by the lichens themselves would increase the concentration of ammonia in the lichen thallus to a level that may be toxic to the photobiont. However, Cladonia verticillaris produces urease through positive feedback by urea supplied from the medium. This urease is partially secreted to the media or retained on the external surface of algal cells, as demonstrated herein by an adequate cytochemical reaction. This implies that ammonia produced by urea hydrolysis will be immediately dissolved in the water filling the intercellular spaces on the thallus. A possible protection mechanism against eventual ammonia toxicity, derived from the results described here, is also discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.001
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  • Delgado-Baquerizo, M./ F. T. Maestre/ A. Gallardo 2013: Biological soil crusts increase the resistance of soil nitrogen dynamics to changes in temperatures in a semi-arid ecosystem. - Plant and Soil 366(1-2): 35-47. [RLL List # 232 / Rec.# 34840]
    Keywords: DON/ N depolymerization rate/ N mineralization rate/ Semiarid ecosystem
    Abstract: Aims: Biological soil crusts (BSCs), composed of mosses, lichens, liverworts and cyanobacteria, are a key component of arid and semi-arid ecosystems worldwide, and play key roles modulating several aspects of the nitrogen (N) cycle, such as N fixation and mineralization. While the performance of its constituent organisms largely depends on moisture and rainfall conditions, the influence of these environmental factors on N transformations under BSC soils has not been evaluated before. Methods: The study was done using soils collected from areas devoid of vascular plants with and without lichen-dominated BSCs from a semi-arid Stipa tenacissima grassland. Soil samples were incubated under different temperature (T) and soil water content (SWC) conditions, and changes in microbial biomass-N, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), amino acids, ammonium, nitrate and both inorganic N were monitored. To evaluate how BSCs modulate the resistance of the soil to changes in T and SWC, we estimated the Orwin and Wardle Resistance index. Results: The different variables studied were more affected by changes in T than by variations in SWC at both BSC-dominated and bare ground soils. However, under BSCs, a change in the dominance of N processes from a net nitrification to a net ammonification was observed at the highest SWC, regardless of T. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the N cycle is more resistant to changes in T in BSC-dominated than in bare ground areas. They also indicate that BSCs could play a key role in minimizing the likely impacts of climate change on the dynamics of N in semi-arid environments, given the prevalence and cover of these organisms worldwide. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1404-3
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  • Delgado-Baquerizo, M./ L. Morillas/ F. T. Maestre/ A. Gallardo 2013: Biocrusts control the nitrogen dynamics and microbial functional diversity of semi-arid soils in response to nutrient additions. - Plant and Soil 372(1-2): 643-654. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35159]
    Keywords: Carbon/ Dissolved organic N/ Mineralization/ Phosphorus/ Shannon-Weaver diversity index/ biome/ biotransformation/ dominance/ microbial community/ mineralization/ nitrogen/ nitrogen fixation/ nutrient/ phosphorus/ resilience/ semiarid region/ soil/ Spain/ Bryophyta/ Cyanobacteria
    Abstract: Aims: Human activities are causing imbalances in the nutrient cycles in natural ecosystems. However, we have limited knowledge of how these changes will affect the soil microbial functional diversity and the nitrogen (N) cycle in drylands, the biggest biome on Earth. Communities dominated by lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria (biocrusts) influence multiple processes from the N cycle such as N fixation and mineralization rates. We evaluated how biocrusts modulate the effects of different N, carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) additions on theN availability, the dominance of different available N forms and the microbial functional diversity in dryland soils. Methods: Soil samples from bare ground (BG) and biocrust-dominated areas were gathered from the center of Spain and incubated during seven or 21 days under different combinations of N, C and P additions (N, C, P, N + C, N + P, P + C, and C + N + P). Results: The relative dominance of dissolved organic N (DON) and the microbial functional diversity were higher in biocrust than in BG microsites when C or P were added. Changes in the C to N ratio, more than N availability, seem to modulate N transformation processes in the soils studied. In general, biocrusts increased the resilience to N impacts (N, C + N, N + P, C + N + P) of the total available N, ammonium, nitrate and DON when C was present. Conclusions: Our results suggest that biocrusts may buffer the effects of changes in nutrient ratios on microbial functional diversity and DON dominance in dryland soils. Thus, these organisms may have an important role in increasing the resilience of the N cycle to imbalances in C, N and P derived from human activities. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1779-9
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  • Del-Prado, R./ O. Blanco/ H. T. Lumbsch/ P. K. Divakar/ J. A. Elix/ M. C. Molina/ A. Crespo. 2013: Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the lichen-forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae). - Taxon 62(5): 928-939. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35147]
    Keywords: Ancestral areas/ Distribution/ Lichens/ Long-distance dispersal/ Parmelioid lichens/ Phylogeny/ Southern hemisphere/ Vicariance/ biogeography/ data set/ dispersal/ divergence/ DNA/ lichen/ phylogeny/ Southern Hemisphere/ vicariance/ South America
    Abstract: The lichen-forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia includes species with distinct distribution patterns, including subcosmopolitan, restricted, and disjunct species. We used a dataset of nuclear ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA including 51 specimens to understand the influence of historical events on the current distribution patterns in the genus. We employed Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony approaches for phylogenetic analyses, a likelihood-based approach to ancestral area reconstruction, and a Bayesian approach to estimate divergence times of major lineages within the genus. We identified two major clades in the genus, one of them separating into two subclades and one of those into four groups. Several of the groups and clades have restricted geographical ranges in the Southern Hemisphere, but two groups include species with wider distribution areas. Our analyses suggest that the genus originated in southern South America during the Eocene-Oligocene transition and that the diversification of the Australasian groups occurred recently. The subcosmopolitan distribution of species is explained by long-distance dispersal, while vicariance probably played a major role in the origin of the genus. Several currently accepted species were found to be non-monophyletic, indicating that the species delimitation in the genus requires further studies.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/625.22
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  • Deluca, T. H./ O. Zackrisson/ I. Bergman/ G. Hörnberg 2013: Historical land use and resource depletion in spruce-Cladina forests of subarctic Sweden. - Anthropocene 1: 14-22. [RLL List # 233 / Rec.# 35145]
    Keywords: Boreal forest ecosystems/ Ecosystem degradation/ Fire/ Nitrogen/ Nutrient depletion/ Paleoecology/ bog/ charcoal/ community composition/ concentration (composition)/ coniferous forest/ disturbance/ forest ecosystem/ forest fire/ Holocene/ land use change/ lichen/ mixed forest/ nitrogen fixation/ nutrient availability/ nutrient limitation/ paleoecology/ pollen/ regeneration/ resource availability/ subarctic region/ Sweden
    Abstract: Historical and repeated use of fire is thought to be responsible for poor forest regeneration on Norway spruce (Picea abies L.)-lichen (Cladina spp.) forests of subarctic Sweden; however, the role of nutrient limitation in this process has not been studied. Studies were performed on three paired stands of open spruce-Cladina forests and un-disturbed, Norway spruce-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-feathermoss forests to evaluate whether repeated use of fire in ancient times led to depletion of nutrient resources which altered forest regeneration. All pairs were analyzed for vegetative composition, soil nutrient capital and availability, and total soil organic matter. Peat cores collected in neighboring bogs were used for pollen analyses. Spruce-Cladina forests were found to have significantly reduced N capital and little N2 fixation capacity. Spruce-Cladina forests had lower concentrations of mineral soil P compared to reference forests. Pollen records suggest that these sites were historically mixed spruce, pine forests, but under the influence of recurrent fire exhibited a marked peak in charcoal occurrence at about 550 calibrated years BP and a decrease in tree pollen accumulation at circa 500 calibrated years BP. Carbon dating of charcoal in hearths located on the three sites place regular human occupation of this from circa 600-300 calibrated years BP. The open spruce-Cladina forests of subarctic Sweden are likely a product of recurrent use of fire by humans. By adopting a long-term perspective it is possible to understand land-use legacies even in remote ecosystems that are considered "natural" today. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.03.002
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