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  • Aptroot, A./ Lücking, R. 2016: A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). - The Lichenologist 48(6): 763-982. [RLL List # 245 / Rec.# 38431]
    Abstract: A revisionary synopsis is presented for the family Trypetheliaceae, based on a separately published phylogenetic analysis of a large number of species, morpho-anatomical and chemical study of extensive material, and revision of numerous type specimens. A total of 418 species is formally accepted in this synopsis, distributed among 15 genera as follows: Aptrootia (3), Architrypethelium (7), Astrothelium (242), Bathelium (16), Bogoriella (29), Constrictolumina (9), Dictyomeridium (7), Distothelia (3), Marcelaria (3), Nigrovothelium (2), Novomicrothelia (1), Polymeridium (50), Pseudopyrenula (20), Trypethelium (16), and Viridothelium (10). All accepted genera, including new genera described separately in this issue, are keyed out and briefly described and discussed, and keys are provided for all accepted species within each genus. Entries with full synonymy and brief descriptions, and in part also discussions, are provided for all accepted species, except those newly described elsewhere in this issue, which are cross-referenced in the corresponding keys. The description of the newly defined genera takes into account phylogeny in combination with morpho-anatomical features with the result that they are mostly recognizable by a combination of thallus, ascoma and ascospore features. Most species previously assigned to the genera Astrothelium, Campylothelium, Cryptothelium, and Trypethelium, based on a schematic concept of ascoma morphology and ascospore septation, are now included in a single genus, Astrothelium, with highly variable ascoma morphology and ascospore septation but invariably with astrothelioid ascospores (at least when young), that is diamond-shaped lumina, and a well-developed, corticate, usually olive-green thallus that often covers the ascomata. While the genera Aptrootia (large, brown, muriform ascospores), Architrypethelium (large, mostly 3-septate ascospores), and Pseudopyrenula (ecorticate, white thalli and astrothelioid ascospores) are maintained, Trypethelium is redefined to include species with raised, pseudostromatic ascomata and multiseptate ascospores with thin septa. The sister group of Trypethelium is the genus Marcelaria, with brightly coloured pseudostromata and muriform ascospores. Bathelium is now limited to species with strongly raised, fully exposed pseudostromata and septate to muriform ascospores with thin septa. Several genera are recognized for more basal lineages with mostly ecorticate, white thalli and solitary, exposed ascomata previously assigned to Arthopyrenia, Mycomicrothelia and Polymeridium, viz. Bogoriella, Constrictolumina, Dictyomeridium, and Novomicrothelia. In addition, separate genera are accepted for the Trypethelium tropicum (Nigrovothelium) and T. virens (Viridothelium) groups. In addition, a refined species concept resulting from phylogenetic studies is employed which pays particular attention to morphological features of the thallus and ascomata. Of a total of 526 names checked, 107 remain synonyms of accepted names and a further eight are newly excluded from the family. Based on these redispositions, the following 146 new combinations are proposed, including reinstatement of numerous names previously subsumed into synonymy: Architrypethelium columbianum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. grande (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Astrothelium aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. alboverrucum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. amazonum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ambiguum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. andamanicum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot comb. nov., A. annulare (Spreng.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. aurantiacum (Makhija & Patw) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. auratum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. aureomaculatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. basilicum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. bicolor (Taylor) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. buckii (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. calosporum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cartilagineum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cecidiogenum (Aptroot & Lücking) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ceratinum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chapadense (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chrysoglyphum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chrysostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cinereorosellum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cinereum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. confluens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. consimile (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. deforme (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. defossum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. degenerans (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. dissimilum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. effusum (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. exostemmatis (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. feei (C. F. W. Meissn.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ferrugineum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. gigantosporum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. indicum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. infossum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. infuscatulum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. irregulare (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. keralense (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. kunzei (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. leioplacum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. lugescens (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. luridum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. macrosporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. marcidum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megaleium (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megalophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megalostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meiophorum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meristosporoides (P. M. McCarthy & Vongshew.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meristosporum (Mont. & Bosch) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. neogalbineum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. nigratum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. nigrorufum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. oligocarpum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. olivaceofuscum (Zenker) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. papillosum (P. M. McCarthy) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. papulosum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. peranceps (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. phaeothelium (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. phlyctaenua (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. porosum (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. praetervisum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pseudoplatystomum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pseudovariatum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pulcherrimum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pupula (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. purpurascens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pustulatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. rufescens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. sanguinarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. santessonii (Letr.-Gal.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. saxicola (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. scoria (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. scorizum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sierraleonense (C. W. Dodge) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sikkimense (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. spectabile (Aptroot & Ferraro) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sphaerioides (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. stramineum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. straminicolor (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subcatervarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdiscretum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdisjunctum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdissocians (Nyl. ex Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. superbum (Fr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. tenue (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. thelotremoides (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. trypethelizans (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. tuberculosum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. variatum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. vezdae (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Bathelium austroafricanum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. nigroporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Bogoriella alata (Groenh. ex Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. annonacea (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. collospora (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. confluens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. conothelena (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. decipiens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. exigua (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. fumosula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. lateralis (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. leuckertii (D. Hawksw. & J. C. David) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. macrocarpa (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. megaspora (Aptroot & M. Cáceres) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. minutula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. modesta (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. nonensis (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. obovata (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. pachytheca (Sacc. & Syd.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. punctata (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. queenslandica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. striguloides (Sérus. & Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. thelena (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. triangularis (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. xanthonica (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Constrictolumina esenbeckiana (Fée) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. leucostoma (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. lyrata (R. C. Harris) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. porospora (Vain.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., Dictyomeridium amylosporum (Vain.) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. campylothelioides (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. immersum (Aptroot, A. A. Menezes & M. Cáceres) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. isohypocrellinum (Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Aptroot) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. paraproponens (Aptroot, M. Cáceres & E. L. Lima) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., Distothelia rubrostoma (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Phyllobathelium chlorogastricum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Pseudopyrenula cubana (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Viridothelium cinereoglaucescens (Vain.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., V. indutum (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., and V. megaspermum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov. In addition, six replacement names are proposed: Astrothelium campylocartilagineum Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. grossoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. octosporoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. scoriothelium Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. pyrenastrosulphureum Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., and Bathelium pruinolucens Aptroot & Lücking nom. et stat. nov. Along with this, 57 lectotypes are newly designated. Most species (392 out of 418) are illustrated, with a total of 697 images in 59 plates, including 406 type specimens. Where appropriate, taxa are briefly discussed. New country or continental records are listed for many species in their revised circumscription. A checklist of taxa described or placed in genera belonging in Trypetheliaceae but previously excluded from the family, and their current names, is also provided.
    – doi:10.1017/S0024282916000487

    Notes: New: Architrypethelium columbianum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Trypethelium columbianum Nyl.; lectotypified), Ar. grande (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ascidium grande Kremp.; lectotypified), Astrothelium aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Verrucaria aenea Eschw.), As. alboverrucum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Laurera alboverruca Makhija & Patw.), As. amazonum (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cryptothelium amazonum R.C.Harris), As. ambiguum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. ambigua Malme), As. andamanicum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot (≡ Cr. andamanicum Makhija & Patw.), As. annulare (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pyrenula annularis Fée), As. aurantiacum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. aurantiaca Makhija & Patw.), As. auratum (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. aurata R.C.Harris), As. aureomaculatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pseudopyrenula aureomaculata Vain.), As. basilicum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. basilica Kremp.), As. bicolor (Taylor) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. bicolor Taylor), As. buckii (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Trypethelium buckii R.C.Harris), As. calosporum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. calospora Müll.Arg.), As. campylocartilagineum Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Campylothelium cartilagineum Vain.), As. cartilagineum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. cartilaginea Fée), As. cecidiogenum (Aptroot & Lücking) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cr. cecidiogenum Aptroot & Lücking), As. ceratinum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. ceratina Fée), As. chapadense (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. chapadensis Malme), As. chrysoglyphum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Thelenella chrysoglypha Vain.), As. chrysostomum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. chrysostomum Kremp.; lectotypified), As. cinereorosellum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. cinereorosellum Kremp.), As. cinereum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Heufleria praetervisa var. cinerea Müll.Arg.), As. confluens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. confluens Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. consimile (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. consimilis Müll.Arg.), As. deforme (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. deforme Fée; lectotypified); As. defossum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. defossa Müll.Arg.), As. degenerans (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. degenerans Vain.), As. dissimilum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. dissimilum Makhija & Patw.), As. effusum (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. effusa Aptroot & Sipman), As. endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. endochrysea Vain.), As. exostemmatis (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Bathelium exostemmatis Müll.Arg.), As. feei (C.F.W.Meissn.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. feei C.F.W. Meissn.), As. ferrugineum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. ferrugineum Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. galligenum Aptroot), As. gigantosporum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ba. gigantosporum Müll. Arg.), As. grossoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. Tr. grossum Müll. Arg. non A. grossum Müll.Arg., As. indicum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. indica Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. infossum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. infossa Nyl.), As. infuscatulum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. infuscatulum Müll.Arg.), As. irregulare (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ba. irregulare Müll.Arg.), As. keralense (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. keralensis Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. kunzei (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. kunzei Fée), As. leioplacum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Clathroporina leioplaca Müll. Arg.), As. lugescens (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. lugescens Nyl), As. luridum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. luridum Zahlbr.), As. macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Porina macrocarpa Fée), As. macrosporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. macrosporum Makhija & Patw.), As. marcidum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. marcida Fée), As. megaleium (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megaleium Kremp.), As. megalophthalmum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megalophthalmum Müll.Arg.), As. megalostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. megalostoma Vain.), As. megaspermum (MonTr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megaspermum MonTr.), As. meiophorum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. annulare var. meiophorum Nyl.; lectotypified), As. meristosporoides (P.M.McCarthy & Vongshew.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. meristosporoides P.M.McCarthy & Vongshew.), As. meristosporum (MonTr. & Bosch) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. meristosporum MonTr. & Bosch), As. neogalbineum
(R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. neogalbineum R.C.Harris), As. nigratum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ As. minus var. nigratum Müll.Arg.), As. nigrorufum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. nigrorufum Makhija & Patw.), As. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. nitidiuscula Nyl.), As. octosporoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. Ba. octosporum Zahlbr. non As. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, As. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. octospora Vain.), As. oligocarpum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. oligocarpum Müll. Arg.; lectotypified), As. olivaceofuscum (Zenker) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. olivaceofuscum Zenker), As. papillosum
(P.M.McCarthy) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. papillosa P.M.McCarthy), As. papulosum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. papulosa Nyl.), As. peranceps (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. peranceps Kremp.), As. phaeothelium (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. phaeothelium Nyl.), As. phlyctaena (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. phlyctaena Fée; lectotypified), As. porosum (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. porosum Ach.), As. praetervisum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. praetervisa Müll. Arg.), As. pseudoplatystomum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. pseudoplatystomum Makhija & Patw.), As. pseudovariatum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. pseudovariata Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. puiggarii (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ca. puiggarii Müll.Arg.), As. pulcherrimum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. pulcherrimum Fée; lectotypified), As. pupula (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. pupula Ach.), As. purpurascens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. purpurascens Müll. Arg.), As. pustulatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. pustulata Vain.), As. pyrenastrosulphureum Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pyrenastrum sulphureum Eschw.), As. rufescens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. catervarium var. rufescens Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. sanguinarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. sanguinaria Malme; lectotypified), As. santessonii (LeTr.-Gal.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. santessonii LeTr.-Gal.), As. saxicola (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cr. saxicola Malme), As. scoria (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scoria Fée), As. scoriothelium Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scorioides Leight.), As. scorizum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scorizum Müll.Arg.), As. sierraleonense
(C.W.Dodge) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tremotylium sierraleonense C.W.Dodge), As. sikkimense (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. sikkimensis Makhija & Patw.), As. spectabile (Aptroot & Ferraro) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. spectabile Aptroot & Ferraro), As. sphaerioides (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. sphaerioides Mont.; lectotypified); As. stramineum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Th. straminea Malme), As. straminicolor (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. straminicolor Nyl.), As. subcatervarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. subcatervarium Malme), As. subdiscretum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. subdiscretum Nyl.), As. subdisjunctum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Bottaria subdisjuncta Müll.Arg.), As. subdissocians (Nyl. ex Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. ochroleuca var. subdissocians Nyl. ex Vain.), As. superbum (Fr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. superbum Fr.), As. tenue (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ca. tenue Aptroot), As. thelotremoides (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. thelotremoides Nyl.; lectotypified); As. trypethelizans (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. trypethelizans Nyl.), As. tuberculosum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. annularis var. tuberculosa Vain.), As. ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. ubianensis Vain.), As. variatum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. variatum Nyl.), As. vezdae (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. vezdana Makhija & Patw.), Ba. austroafricanum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. austroafricanum Zahlbr.), Ba. nigroporum (Makhija
& Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. nigroporum Makhija & Patw.), Ba. pruinolucens Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. L. madreporiformis var. pruinosa Malme non Ba. pruinosum Flakus, Kukwa & Aptroot, Bogoriella alata (Groenh. ex Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mycomicrothelia alata Groenh. ex Aptroot), Bog. annonacea (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Microthelia annonacea Müll.Arg.), Bog. apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. apposita Nyl.), Bog. captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. captiosa Kremp.), Bog. collospora (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. collospora Vain.), Bog. confluens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Microthelia confluens Müll.Arg.), Bog. conothelena (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. conothelena Nyl.), Bog. decipiens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Anthracothecium decipiens Müll.Arg.), Bog. exigua (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. exigua Müll.Arg.), Bog. fumosula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. fumosula Zahlbr.), Bog. hemisphaerica (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. hemisphaerica Müll.Arg.), Bog. lateralis (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. lateralis Sipman), Bog. leuckertii (D.Hawksw. & J.C.David) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. leuckertii D.Hawksw. & J.C.David), Bog. macrocarpa (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. macrocarpa Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner), Bog. megaspora (Aptroot & M.Cáceres) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. megaspora Aptroot & M.Cáceres), Bog. miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. miculiformis Nyl. ex Müll.Arg.), Bog. minutula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. minutula Zahlbr.), Bog. modesta (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. modesta Müll.Arg.), Bog. nonensis (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. nonensis Stirt.), Bog. obovata (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. obovata Stirt.), Bog. pachytheca (Sacc. & Syd.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Didymosphaeria pachytheca Sacc. & Syd.), Bog. punctata (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. punctata Aptroot), Bog. queenslandica (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. queenslandica Müll.Arg.), Bog. socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. socialis Zahlbr.), Bog. striguloides (Sérus. & Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. striguloides Sérus. & Aptroot), Bog. subfallens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. subfallens Müll.Arg.), Bog. thelena (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. thelena Ach.), Bog. triangularis (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. triangularis Aptroot), Bog. xanthonica (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. xanthonica Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner), Constrictolumina esenbeckiana (Fée) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Melanotheca esenbeckiana Fée), Co. leucostoma
(Müll.Arg.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Tomasellia leucostoma Müll.Arg.), Co. lyrata (R.C.Harris) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ar. lyrata R.C.Harris), Co. majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ve. majuscula Nyl.; lectotypified), Co. malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ve. malaccitula Nyl.), Co. porospora (Vain.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ar. porospora Vain.), Dictyomeridium amylosporum (Vain.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Th. amylospora Vain.), Dic. campylothelioides (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Polymeridium campylothelioides Aptroot & Sipman), Dic. immersum (Aptroot, A.A.Menezes & M.Cáceres) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. immersum Aptroot, A.A.Menezes & M.Cáceres), Dic. isohypocrellinum (Xavier-Leite et al.) Aptroot,
M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. isohypocrellinum Xavier-Leite et al.), Di. paraproponens (Aptroot, et al.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. paraproponens Aptroot et al.), Distothelia rubrostoma (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. rubrostoma Aptroot), Phyllobathelium chlorogastricum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. chlorogastrica Müll.Arg.), Ps. cubana (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Plagiotrema cubanum Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), Viridothelium cinereoglaucescens (Vain.) Lücking, M.P. Nelsen
 & Aptroot (≡ Ps. cinereoglaucescens Vain.), Vi. indutum (StirTr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. indutum StirTr.), Vi. megaspermum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pleurotrema megaspermum Makhija & Patw.). Additional names newly lectotypified: Arthopyrenia planior Müll.Arg., Ar. planorbiculata Müll.Arg., Ar. subimitans Müll.Arg., Astrothelium acroleucum Malme, As. conicum var. pallidum Müll.Arg., As. fallax Müll.Arg., As. ochrothelioides Vain., Clathroporina irregularis Müll.Arg., Didymella gigantea Räsänen, Parathelium superans Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula flavicans Müll.Arg.. Ps. porinoides Müll.Arg., Trypethelium eluteriae var. endochlorum Müll.Arg., Tr. eluteriae var. polystomum Malme, Tr. eluteriae var. truncatum Müll.Arg., Tr. ferrugineum var. inornatum Müll.Arg., Tr. foveolatum Müll.Arg., Tr. insigne Müll.Arg., Tr. leprosum Müll.Arg., Tr. leucostomum Kremp., Tr. madreporiforme Eschw., Tr. mastoideum var. macerum Müll.Arg., Tr. ochroleucum var. depauperatum Müll.Arg., Tr. ochroleucum var. effusum Müll.Arg., Tr. platystomum var. denudatum Malme, Tr. polychroum Müll.Arg., Tr. quassiicola Fée, Tr. subalbens Nyl., Tr. uberinoides Nyl., Tr. virginicum Müll.Arg., Verrucaria catapasta Nyl., Ve. diffluens Nyl., Ve. heterochroa Mont, Ve. subcinerea Nyl., Ve. suffusa Knight, Ve. tristis Hepp.
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/lichenologist/article/div-classtitlea-revisionary-synopsis-of-the-span-classitalictrypetheliaceaespan-ascomycota-span-classitalictrypethelialesspandiv/AD99942BBB1B31F769F4B4DD912ECE6C
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    Current date: 2024.04.28.OK