Keywords: Bioindicator/ Lichen/ Monitoring/ Sulfur dioxide/ animal/ atmospheric pollution/ bioindicator/ biomonitoring/ dose-response relationship/ health risk/ industrial location/ lichen/ phytotoxicity/ public health/ sulfur dioxide/ urban area/ urban atmosphere
Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is one of the important gas pollutants that have an irreparable impact on human, plants, animals and objects. Biological indicators are air pollutants indicators. They are appropriate conductive for air pollution controlling in urban and industrial environments. Lichens are one of the bioindicators and they have been used in such researches. Therefore, survey of efficiency and effectiveness biomonitoring of SO2 with use of lichen, Lecanora mularis has been considered in this research. Lecanora muralis was placed into the special bags and exposed with 40, 100 and 200 ppb SO2 for three hours. Then chlorophyll (chl. a, chl. b andchl. a+bj and ratio ofOD 435/415 was measured by extracting 20 mg net weight of lichen in 10 ml DMSO. This research determines that the average of chlorophyll (chl. a, chl. b) is in control and therefore, the exposed samples to SO2 is 94.1% and 77.3%, respectively. This study shows that there is a direct relationship between determination and pollutant's concentration in all cases.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051908963&partnerID=40&md5=c5e96ca7ac0189e63fc6a484cdb6bf23
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Abstract: Species distribution and composition of the genus Usnea in Buryatia Republic (Russia) are discussed. Records of 11 Usnea species were cited for Buryatia in literature, 10 of them have been confirmed by examination of herbarium materials. Morphological changes of thallus growth pattern (shortening of main branches and increasing number of fibrils and lateral branches resulting in formation of brush-like thalli) in extracontinental environment are described.
Countries/Continents: Russia/Europe/Asia
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9834/
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Countries/Continents: Ukraine
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Notes: In Ukrainian with English and Russian abstracts.
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Keywords: DEW/ ENDOLITHIC AND EPILITHIC LICHENS/ COBBLES/ NEGEV DESERT
Abstract: Dew and rain were measured along the north facing slope (NFS, with epilithic lichens predominating) and the south-facing slope (SFS, with endolithic lichens predominating) in the Negev (P = 95 mm) in order to evaluate the relationships between the abiotic conditions and the lichen growth form. Although insignificant differences characterize the rain and dew amounts with the epilithic growth form, high correlation was obtained between dew duration (r2 = 0.73) and the combined duration of dew and rain (r² = 0.79). The data imply that daylight wetness duration rather than the amount of precipitation may explain the predominance of epilithic lichens at the shaded NFS.[10]
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Keywords: DEW/ ENDOLITHIC AND EPILITHIC LICHENS/ COBBLES/ NEGEV DESERT
Abstract: Dew and rain were measured along the north facing slope (NFS, with epilithic lichens predominating) and the south-facing slope (SFS, with endolithic lichens predominating) in the Negev (P = 95 mm) in order to evaluate the relationships between the abiotic conditions and the lichen growth form. Although insignificant differences characterize the rain and dew amounts with the epilithic growth form, high correlation was obtained between dew duration (r2 = 0.73) and the combined duration of dew and rain (r² = 0.79). The data imply that daylight wetness duration rather than the amount of precipitation may explain the predominance of epilithic lichens at the shaded NFS.
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Keywords: biota/ Giresun/ Ordu
Abstract: Seven species of lichenized fungi (Carbonea vorticosa, Gregorella humida, Porpidia tuberculosa, Protomicarea limosa, Rinodina turfacea, Solenopsora holophaea, and Thelenella modesta) are new to Turkey. Gregorella humida is also new to Asia. For each a short description is presented. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051946451&partnerID=40&md5=33f20cc1e34e115cbbfb9412b20050cb
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Keywords: Climate change/ Fur seals/ Grazing pressure/ Island ecosystem/ Lichenometry/ Lichens/ Pribilof islands/ Reindeer
Abstract: Archived reports from an international controversy in the early 1890s over management of the harvest of fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, on the Pribilof Islands in the southeastern Bering Sea provided an unanticipated record of observations on the growth of lichens in association with the prevailing climatic conditions. The abundance of lichens observed in plant communities on the Pribilof Islands prompted the introduction of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, in 1911. Grazing pressure by the introduced reindeer brought changes to lichen presence in the plant communities of St. Paul Island of the Pribilofs: lichens were depleted, and vascular plants expanded to replace the depleted lichens in a climate that became markedly warmer and drier in comparison to that of the late 19th century. These changes are described primarily through the use of historical documentation. Dominance of lichens in the plant communities on the Pribilof Islands at the time of their discovery and settlement appears to have been a relict of their development in the cooler and moister climate that characterized the southern Bering Sea in the mid-Holocene. © The Arctic Institute of North America.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052442716&partnerID=40&md5=425630be4e1b9ace9c41407b9e03149a
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Abstract: Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July. Several important changes were made to the Code as a result of this meeting that will affect publication of new names. Two of these changes will come into effect on 1 January 2012, some months before the Melbourne Code is published. Electronic material published online in Portable Document Format (PDF) with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) will constitute effective publication, and the requirement for a Latin description or diagnosis for names of new taxa will be changed to a requirement for a description or diagnosis in either Latin or English. In addition, effective from 1 January 2013, new names of organisms treated as fungi must, in order to be validly published, include in the protologue (everything associated with a name at its valid publication) the citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository (such as MycoBank). Draft text of the new articles dealing with electronic publication is provided and best practice is outlined. [[To encourage dissemination of the changes made to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this article will be published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Brittonia, Cladistics, MycoKeys, Mycotaxon, New Phytologist, North American Fungi, Novon, Opuscula Philolichenum, PhytoKeys, Phytoneuron, Phytotaxa, Plant Diversity and Resources, Systematic Botany and Taxon. ]]
URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/biblio_detail.php?irn=274284
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Abstract: Pertusaria southlandica A. Knight, Elix & A.W. Archer sp. nov. is described from southern New Zealand.
New taxa: Pertusaria southlandica
Genera/Families: Pertusaria
Countries/Continents: New Zealand/Australasia
Notes: New: Pertusaria southlandica A.Knight, Elix & A.W.Archer (from New Zealand)
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Abstract: The rock coast of northwest Ireland comprises steep cliffed headlands and more open coastal sections where bedrock shore platforms are developed. Many shore platforms are overlain by boulders; the locations on the platform from which boulders are derived are marked by 'holes' of fresh and unweathered rock surfaces that are not, or are poorly, covered by lichen. These areas of boulder detachment are termed sockets. This paper examines the mapped distributions and physical properties of boulders, sockets and shore platform context of an Atlantic-facing granite shore in County Donegal, northwest Ireland. Results from Schmidt hammer rebound tests show statistically-significant differences in rebound values between areas inside and outside of sockets and between sockets and boulders. Based on their distributions and physical properties, relationships between sockets and boulders are explored. We calculate that sockets are formed rapidly by winter storms but are also rapidly weathered over c. 5. years, becoming indistinguishable from the surrounding bedrock platform. We argue that, in contrast to some studies, boulders here were formed during recent winter storms (episodically during the last 150-200. years) rather than by more ancient waves or by tsunamis. However, a significant proportion of boulders (c. 20%) are morphometrically dissimilar to sockets; we argue that these were formed by infrequent and unusually-powerful waves that stripped whole bedrock sheets off the platform surface and which detached boulders from the lower shoreface.
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Abstract: Acarospora benedarensis, a rare terricolous lichen endemic to Ireland, Scotland and Wales, is discussed. It is recognized as having a much higher hymenium than described in the protologue with correspondingly tall asci. It is probably not a member of the new genus Silobia but further study of its systematic position is needed. A lectotype is also designated.
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Abstract: Endococcus thelommatis is described from Southern California on Thelomma santessonii in oceanic habitats with ascospores dark brown and ornamented, 1-septate, rarely non-septate, not constricted at septa, the cells usually equal, with rounded apices, with or without oil drops, septum ca. 0.5 µm wide, dark brown, without median lamella but often with a pale visible torus, wall dark brown, ornamented ca. 1 µm thick (thicker than septum), distinctly verruculose, (10.0–)11.5–12.7–14.0(–15.0) × (6.0)7.5–8.3–9.0(–10.0) µm, length to breadth ratio l/b (1.16–)1.42–1.6–1.79(–2.17).
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Abstract: Popular article. (to cite: It is 8(1), No. 38, 10-12.)
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Abstract: Acarospora americana is revised and separated from A. veronensis. Acarospora superfusa and A. cinereoalba are placed in synonymy with A. americana. A lectotype is selected for A. cinereoalba. A key to the Acarospora species from North America with gyrophoric/lecanoric acid is presented. Acarospora gallica, A. rugulosa, A. sparsa, A. tongleti, and A. variegata are excluded from the North American lichen biota. Range extensions are reported for A. janae, A. nicolai, and Sarcogyne reebiae. The name Arthonia subcyrtodes is placed in synonymy with A. intervienens. The combination Bactrospora carolinensis (for Patellaria carolinensis) is proposed and B. mesospora is placed in synonymy. The following taxa are described as new to science: Acarospora piedmontensis (from the Piedmont of southeastern North America), A. sphaerosperma (from the Ozarks and Ohio), Lecanora zeroensis (from the Coastal Plain of Georgia), and Melanophloea americana (from the Mid-Atlantic Region). Polysporina cyclocarpa is newly reported from continental North America. Xanthomendoza weberi is revised to include X. rosmarieae and Xanthoria wetmorei as synonyms.
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Abstract: Sarcogyne plicata, a California endemic, is revised and discussed. A taxon referred to in the literature as Sarcogyne “privigna,” which looks similar to S. plicata and is sympatric in California, is discussed. The name is considered invalid for the taxon.
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Abstract: The newly described genus Silobia is accepted. Acarospora hassei is discussed and transferred to Silobia. A key to the genus Silobia in North America is presented.
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Abstract: Lecanora stenospora is revised and transferred to Pleopsidium. It is known from California and Washington in western North America. The thallus morphology of the species is intermediate between P. discurrens from Tibet and P. flavum which also occurs in North America. It occurs on limestone, mafic greenstone, and probably other slightly calcareous metamorphic rocks. No collections were seen on granite, a common substrate of P. flavum.
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Abstract: The type of Acarospora succedens, believed lost, was rediscovered at the Farlow Herbarium. A taxon collected by Thomas Nash, previously treated as Acarospora succedens by the author, is recognized as new to science and given the name A. nashii. Acarospora interspersa H. Magn. is placed in synonymy with A. succedens.
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Keywords: Acarospora socialis
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Keywords: Biodiversity/ Lichenicolous fungi/ Lichens
Abstract: Zwackhiomyces turcicus is described as new from the thallus of Physcia magnussonii from southern Turkey. The new species produces one of the largest ascomata in the genus and is easily differentiated from Z. physciicola (described from Physcia caesia) by its larger verruculose ascospores and thinner interascal filaments. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
Notes: New species: Zwackhiomyces turcicus Kocakaya, Halıcı & Aksoy (on Physcia magnussonii)
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052956655&partnerID=40&md5=624b3a577fd5e38a0067f94dcae4c0f1
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Notes: In Polish with English abstract.
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Abstract: Lichenothelia convexa, a saxicolous and lichenicolous microfungus, is reported new for the Czech Republic. The poorly known species is provided with a description and is illustrated.
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Notes: New species: Endococcus thelommatis Kocourk. & K. Knudsen
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Abstract: The dendroglaciologic and lichenometric research methodologies employed in this study provide a perspective of glaciological conditions from 5 ka to present in a remote headwater area of the British Columbia Coast Mountains. Since Holocene ice fronts of four glaciers at this site periodically extended below treeline, previous glacier advances over-rode and buried forests beneath till deposits. This study suggests that glaciers were expanding into standing forests at 4.76 and 3.78 ka. Following glacier expansion at 3.78 ka, a period of recession ensued when glaciers withdrew upvalley long enough for the development of deep pedogenic surfaces and the growth of trees exceeding 300 years. Investigations at Beluga and Manatee glaciers benchmark a subsequent episode of significant glacial expansion at 2.42 ka referred to as the "Manatee Advance". This advance has regional correlatives and is distinguished from the Tiedemann Advance at Manatee Glacier by documentation of substantive ice front retreat between the two episodes. Examination of Little Ice Age (LIA) deposits in the study area allowed for presentation and application of a revised Rhizocarpon spp. lichen growth curve. Lichenometric surveys of lateral moraines associated with Beluga, Manatee, and Oluk glaciers provided limited in-sight into their early LIA behaviour but record advances during the 15th and 16th centuries. Locally, glaciers achieved their maximum LIA size prior to an early to mid 18th century moraine-building event. This reconstruction of Holocene glacial history offers insights consistent with the emerging record of glacier activity described for other southern British Columbia Coast Mountain glaciers.
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Notes: New species: Caloplaca ochrolechioides S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt & Elix, C. phaeocincta S.Y. Kondr. & Elix, C. sconensis S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell, and C. tomnashii S.Y. Kondr., Elix & Kärnefelt; new combination: Crocynia glaucescens (F. Wilson) S.Y. Kondr., Elix & Kärnefelt
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Notes: New species: Caloplaca kiewkaensis L.S. Yakovczenko, I.A. Galanina & S.Y. Kondr., C. letrouitioides S.Y. Kondr., Elix & Kärnefelt, C. trassii I.A. Galanina & S.Y. Kondr., and C. ussuriensis Oxner, S.Y. Kondr. & Elix
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Abstract: A preliminary list of lichens of the vicinity of the former Pyramiden settlement is presented. It includes 83 species, 10 of them are rare in Svalbard.
Countries/Continents: Russia/Europe
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9794/
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Countries/Continents: Norway
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Abstract: Acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichen Cetraria islandica, Lecanora atra, Parmelia pertusa, Pseudoevernia furfuraceae and Umbilicaria cylindrica were investigated for antioxidant activity by five different methods: DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds and determination of total flavonoid content. Different antioxidant activities of the tested extracts were studied in comparison to known antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and α-tocopherol. The tested extracts had strong antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranging from 32.68-94.70%. For reducing power, measured values of absorbance varied from 0.016 to 0.109. The superoxide anion scavenging activity for different extracts was 7.31-84.51%. In addition, the high contents of total phenolic compounds (12-76.42 μg of pyrocatechol equivalent) and total flavonoids (1.37-54.77 μg of rutin equivalent) suggests that phenols and flavonoids might be the major antioxidant compounds in studied extracts. Tested lichen species were found to possess effective antioxidant activities and can be used as good natural sources of antioxidants.
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Keywords: Giant Mts/ Karkonosze Mts/ Krkonoše Mts/ Sudety Mts
Abstract: A commented list of 19 particularly interesting and noteworthy lichen species collected recently in the Giant Mts (Karkonosze, Krkonoše) is given. Most of them were found on the basalt outcrop in the western wall of the Mały Śnieżny Kocioł cirque (germ. Kleine Schneegrube), which is the most valuable and most conserved area in this mountain range. Two species are new to Poland: Lecanora gangaleoides and Lecidea praenubila. Umbilicaria cinereorufescens is reported for the first time from the Sudety Mts as a whole. Three species are new for the Giant Mts: Buellia ocellata, Diplotomma lutosum and Fuscidea praeruptorum. Eight species: Aspicilia microlepis, Belonia russula, Caloplaca crenularia, C. nivalis, Gyalecta biformis, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Miriquidica complanata and Polyblastia cruenta were re-discovered after over 100 years on the historical locality in the Mały Śnieżny Kocioł cirque.
Countries/Continents: Poland
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Keywords: green and lichen forage/ pasture load/ reindeer breeding/ simulation/ vegetation/ vegetation degradation
Abstract: The systemic approach based mainly on computer simulation has been used to assess the dynamics of ecosystems of the Yamal Peninsula, which have been exposed to the impact of numerous reindeer herds because of extensive development of reindeer breeding during the past decades. This type of development has been demonstrated to result in degradation of vegetation, whose profound changes preclude further development of reindeer breeding in the same way. The current situation requires major amendments to the ethnic-cultural and economic policy in the region. © 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052543110&partnerID=40&md5=adcd2d78169cf264926fb44c019315d4
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Keywords: Inconspicuous crustose lichens/ New localities/ Old-growth forest
Abstract: The study presents recent data on the distribution of Fellhanera gyrophorica (Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland, a rare lichen with a crustose, usually sterile thallus. Both previous and new localities of the species are presented with data on its ecology and general distribution. Furthermore, this paper provides detailed results on floristic investigations of the species in the forest areas of the Pojezierze Olszty?skie Lakeland (northern Poland). Fertile specimens of F. gyrophorica have been observed in Poland for the second time and in the world
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2011.035
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Keywords: Candelariella/ Distribution/ Ecology/ Efflorescens/ Lichens/ New records/ Poland
Abstract: Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck is reported as new for Poland. Its known localities, data on its ecology and total distribution, and a description of diagnostic features differentiating C. efflorescens from other similar species are given, with a map of its distribution in Poland based on revised herbarium specimens.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856387100&partnerID=40&md5=860e86c4829ee97aebc054a978c9d9b8
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Keywords: Chemotypes/ Chrysothricaceae/ Pulvinic acid derivates/ Sterile lichens
Abstract: Chrysothrix xanthina is reported new for coastal California from San Diego to Point Reyes. Notes on the taxonomy of C. candelaris and C. xanthina are provided. The differences in diameter of granules in published sources are also discussed. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052950568&partnerID=40&md5=0755cbfedd19f321271eecee058ef218
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Keywords: Lepidoptera/ Middle crown/ Norway spruce/ Overwintering/ Picea abies/ Upper crown/ Uprooted trees/ Wind disturbance/ alga/ canopy architecture/ community structure/ coniferous tree/ disturbance/ egg/ forest ecosystem/ functional group/ insect/ larva/ lichen/ mortality/ overwintering/ wind velocity/ Carpathians/ Slovakia/ Tatra Mountains
Abstract: Windstorm on November 19, 2004 seriously affected Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Tatra Mountains, Northern Slovakia. We studied as to whether moth larvae and eggs overwintered successfully on branches of uprooted spruce trees. Also, we evaluated differences in assemblage structure of overwintering developmental stages of moths between the upper and middle crown area of wind-felled spruce trees. In May 2005, we sampled branches from a total of 12 wind-felled trees in Tichá dolina valley in the altitudes between 1,020 and 1,050 m. From each tree, a total of 30 branches were collected from both its upper and middle crown area. In addition, a total of 400 cones were sampled from the wind-felled trees. Moth larvae or hatched adults were obtained from branches or cones through photoeclectors in the laboratory. Larvae of one species developing in cones (Cydia strobilella), 3 species of bud-borers (Argyresthia glabratella, A. amiantella, A. bergiella), 7 needle spinning species (Batrachedra pinicolella, Chionodes electella, Syndemis musculana, Dichelia histrionana, Pseudohermenias abietana, Epinotia tedella, E. nanana), one free living species (Thera variata) and one species feeding on lichens or algae (fam. Psychidae
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-83355169285&partnerID=40&md5=1ec5ef558b4fcfbab26c769e76bd3c3c
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Abstract: [In Turkish with English abstract.] In the cultivation of lichens, first of all, photobiont and mycobiont have separately been cultivated. As a result, it has been found out that fungus has grown just like lichenized fungus but its mature phasedies do not have the same character as that of mycobiont. The cultivation of the suitable pieces taken from tallus has recently been tested and it is discovered that it will be successful if the suitable conditions and substract are chosen. In order to use in the conducted studies, it is essential to find a much easier and faster method for the cultivation of the sample lichen in the laboratory condition although it has slightly been simplifed due to the introduction of recent techniques. In this study, the methods that are used in the cultivation of lichens are mentioned.
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Keywords: BIOMONITORING/ FUZZY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS/ KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT/ LICHENS/ STANDARDISATION/ HEAVY-METAL DEPOSITION/ ELEMENT AIR-POLLUTION/ EPIPHYTIC LICHENS/ QUALITY-CONTROL/ TRACE-ELEMENTS/ PLANT/ CONTAMINATION/ INDICATORS/ MOSSES/ RELIABILITY
Abstract: [A new species with gyrophoric acid is described.]
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Keywords: AMMONIA/ BRYOPHYTES/ INLAND DUNES/ INVASIVE SPECIES/ LICHENS/ THE NETHERLANDS
Abstract: [The ratio of Campylopus to lichen was measured.]
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Keywords: ASTER/ BAND RATIO/ GEOLOGIC MAPPING/ GRANITE/ HIMALAYA/ LICHENS/ MULTISPECTRAL/ MUSCOVITE/ NEPAL/ PCA/ REMOTE SENSING
Abstract: [The authors describe a new approach to remote sensing mapping that takes into account the absorption features of acidophilic lichens covering the rocks.]
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Keywords: ANABAT/ BATS/ DISTRIBUTION/ ECHOLOCATION/ FRAGMENTATION/ LANDSCAPE/ PERIMYOTIS SUBFLAVUS
Abstract: [The bats use clumps of Usnea spp. for roosting.]
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Keywords: HERITABILITY/ LICHEN/ PHYTOCHEMISTRY/ POPULUS ANGUSTIFOLIA/ STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL/ XANTHOMENDOZA GALERICULATA
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Abstract: [An emended species description is presented, along with ecological applications.]
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Keywords: COCCOMYXA/ HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS/ LICHENIZATION/ RBCL/ SYMBIOSIS
Notes: ["As the system is maintained without difficulty in culture, it can potentially be an easily controlled lichen symbiosis study system under laboratory conditions."]
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Keywords: BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS/ CLIMATE CHANGE/ ECOLOGY/ LICHENS/ NAMIBIA/ SOIL/ SOUTH AFRICA
Abstract: [Findings suggest that lichens may be valuable bioindicators for evaluating climate change in Southern Africa.]
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Abstract: This paper presents a checklist of 129 lichens recorded for the Papuk Nature Park, including one species new for Croatia, Umbilicaria hirsuta, and eight species new for the area. The fieldwork was carried out at 17 localities in the period 2005-2007. The rare lichen Lobaria pulmonaria was found on old trees at three new sites. A further survey of forest-associated lichens will enable better integration of biodiversity conservation issues in forest management
Countries/Continents: Croatia
URL: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F104138&rct=j&q=nat.%20croat%20contribution%20to%20the%20knowledge%20of%20lichens&ei=ObRKTv23Asfw0gH_r9TrBw&usg=AFQjCNEhK5howcDY-esSoAbMy1yNN9U2aQ&sig2=-OIvvnwW4b8MpCw7rA2h7A&cad=rja
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Keywords: Delicacy mushroom/ Hon-shimeji/ Lyophyllum decastes species complex/ Taxonomy
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of Lyophyllum section Difformia were inferred using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large sub-unit (LSU) sequence data of specimens from Fennoscandia and Japan. Sequence analyses show that the delicacy mushroom Lyophyllum shimeji, hitherto only known from East Asia, occurs in Fennoscandia and that it is confined to Scots pine forests on lichen-clad sandy soil. Also, Lyophyllum decastes and L. fumosum, two species described from Europe, have a wide distribution and are represented in Japan. Within both these species sequence variation indicates that more taxa should be recognized. The observed phylogenetic differences correlate strongly with habitat, conifer or deciduous forest, but also to some extent with geographic origin. The identity of the species Lyophyllum loricatum remains unclear and further sequences from specimens fitting the original description are needed to resolve its taxonomic status. The phylogenetic results suggest that ecology is an important character when discriminating between species in Lyophyllum section Difformia. © 2011 The Mycological Society of Japan and Springer.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052757974&partnerID=40&md5=9e3c7c7499c09d7e8cd56c7528e1892e
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Abstract: A growing body of evidence indicates that in some cases morphology-based species circumscription of lichenized fungi misrepresents the number of existing species. The cosmopolitan "rock posy" lichen (Rhizoplaca melanophthalma) species-complex includes a number of morphologically distinct species that are both geographically and ecologically widespread, providing a model system to evaluate speciation in lichen-forming ascomycetes. In this study, we assembled multiple lines of evidence from nuclear DNA sequence data, morphology, and biochemistry for species delimitation in the R. melanophthalma species-complex. We identify a total of ten candidate species in this study, four of which were previously recognized as distinct taxa and six previously unrecognized lineages found within what has been thus far considered a single species. Candidate species are supported using inferences from multiple empirical operational criteria. Multiple instances of sympatry support the view that these lineages merit recognition as distinct taxa. Generally, we found little corroboration between morphological and chemical characters, and previously unidentified lineages were morphologically polymorphic. However, secondary metabolite data supported one cryptic saxicolous lineage, characterized by orsellinic-derived gyrophoric and lecanoric acids, which we consider to be taxonomically significant. Our study of the R. melanophthalma species-complex indicates that the genus Rhizoplaca, as presently circumscribed, is more diverse in western North American than originally perceived, and we present our analyses as a working example of species delimitation in morphologically cryptic and recently diverged lichenized fungi.
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Abstract: Mounting evidence suggests many morphology-based species circumscriptions in lichenized ascomycetes misrepresent fungal diversity. The lichenized ascomycete genus Xanthoparmelia includes over 800 described species displaying a considerable range of morphological and chemical variation. Species circumscriptions in this genus have traditionally been based on thallus morphology, medullary chemistry, and the presence or absence of sexual or asexual reproductive structures. Notwithstanding concerted effort on the part of taxonomists to arrive at a natural classification, modern taxonomic concepts for the most part remain unclear. Here we assess the evolution of characters traditionally regarded as taxonomically important by reconstructing a phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequence data from four nuclear ribosomal markers as well as fragments from two protein-coding nuclear loci. A total of 414 individuals were tested, representing 19 currently accepted species. Most sampled species, as currently circumscribed, were recovered as polyphyletic, suggesting that major diagnostic characters have evolved in a homoplasious manner. The vagrant growth form, distinct medullary chemistries, and production of vegetative diaspores appear to have evolved independently multiple times. Application of a population assignment test resulted in the recognition of 21 species-level genetic clusters, each of which was supported by a comparison of genetic distances as well as a Bayesian species delimitation method calculating probabilities associated with speciation events. Inferred clusters are largely incongruent with traditionally circumscribed species due to the prevalence of cryptic diversity and, in some cases, high levels of intraspecific morphological and chemical variation. These results call for a major taxonomic revision of Xanthoparmelia species in western North America. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Abstract: Lichens are often used to monitor air quality and ecosystem health, and to define ecological gradients. Quantitative methods for estimating lichen population density and community composition are essential to effectively assess species and community response to ecological and environmental change. In this study we used two distance methods (point-centered quarter and quartered-neighbor methods), along with a compound estimator (Diggle's) to remove bias from non-random spatial patterns, to estimate Xanthoparmelia population density at a generic level on the summit of a high elevation plateau in southern Utah, USA. The sampling was extended to assess species composition and diversity. Population densities and relative species abundance were evaluated between meadow areas, sites, cardinal directions, and general substrate classes. We found that Xanthoparmelia populations varied widely in density and community composition across a relatively homogeneous landscape. Microhabitat, meadow-wide, and plateau-wide factors significantly influenced density and community structure in Xanthoparmelia. Our data reemphasize the inherent variability found in lichen communities and the importance of effective sampling for accurate ecological and biomonitoring studies. The two distance methods implemented here, moderated by Diggle's population density estimator, provide an efficient alternative to cover methods for estimating density. This study also indicates that these methods provide an effective approach for estimating population density and community structure in conjunction with ecological and bio-monitoring studies of some types of terricolous and saxicolous lichen communities.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.625
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Keywords: Forest-dwelling woodland caribou/ Landscape context/ Multi-scale habitat selection/ Rangifer tarandus caribou/ Resource selection function/ Spatial extent/ Threshold
Abstract: Efforts in isolating the relative effects of resources and disturbances on animal-distribution patterns remain hindered by the difficulty of accounting for multiple scales of resource selection by animals with seasonally dynamic drivers. We developed multi-scale, seasonal models to explore how local resource selection by the threatened forest-dwelling woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was influenced by both broad-scale landscape context and local resource heterogeneity in the intensively managed region of Charlevoix, Québec, Canada, located on the southern border of the North American caribou range. We estimated resource selection functions using 23 GPS-collared caribou monitored from 2004 to 2006 and landscape data on vegetation classes, terrain conditions, and roads. We found evidence of thresholds in road "proximity" effects (up to 1.25 km), which underscores the importance of including landscape context variables in addition to locally measured variables, and of fitting seasonal-specific models given temporal variation in the magnitude of selection and optimal scale of measurement. Open lichen woodlands were an important cover type for caribou during winter and spring, whereas deciduous forests, wetlands, and even young disturbed stands became important during calving and summer. Caribou consistently avoided roads and rugged terrain conditions at both local and landscape levels. Landscape context fundamentally constrains the choices available to animals, and we showed that failing to consider landscape context, or arbitrarily choosing an inappropriate scale for measuring covariates, may provide biased inferences with respect to habitat selection patterns. Effective habitat management for rare or declining species should carefully consider the hierarchical nature of habitat selection. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052347544&partnerID=40&md5=e8b8d3893d105b695e0fb19d6168d71d
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Keywords: Conservation treatment/ Deterioration assessment/ Korean Buddha statues/ Biotite granite/ Conservation treatment/ Damage evaluation/ Differential weathering/ Host rocks/ Influence of water/ Korean Buddha statues/ Lithological characterization/ Long-term conservation/ Macrocrystalline/ Maintenance and conservation/ Rock-forming minerals/ Sericite/ Site environments/ Vertical crack/ Weathered rocks/ Weathering grades/ Damage detection/ Deterioration/ Feldspar/ Granite/ Lithology/ Mica/ Minerals/ Quartz/ Rating/ Rocks/ Soil mechanics/ Weathering/ chemical weathering/ colonization/ conservation planning/ crystallization/ damage/ historical record/ lithology/ long-term change/ quantitative analysis/ rock mechanics/ rock microstructure/ Korea
Abstract: This study focuses on the lithological characterization, quantitative deterioration assessment and conservation treatment of the tenth century rock-carved Buddha statues in Korea. The Buddha statues were carved on light gray macrocrystalline biotite granite, and features microcline phenocrysts and pegmatite patches. The rock-forming minerals are quartz, plagioclase, microcline and biotite showing micrographic and porphyritic textures. Feldspars and biotite in the host rock have been partly altered into sericite and chlorite by weathering. The surface of the Buddha statues is remarkably irregular due to granular disintegration and the differential weathering of the quartz and microcline. In addition, horizontal and vertical cracks in the host rock have promoted mechanical weathering. Biological colonization of the statues was serious, and featured dark gray and yellowish green lichen, dark green bryophyte and some plants. The Buddha statues were evaluated as the highly weathered rock by ultrasonic survey. The lower parts under the influence of water and areas with severely broken surfaces showed a much more advanced weathering grade. Therefore, scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term maintenance and conservation of the Buddha statues. After pretests, dry, wet and chemical cleanings were applied to the statues. Next, joining of cracked parts and surface consolidating were executed. Finally, the site environment was improved by installation of drain and trimming trees around the statues to ensure more stable long-term conservation. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051636853&partnerID=40&md5=ac2dea5b8baf408e1f94480311a46f53
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Abstract: A revision of the aquatic macrolichen Peltigera hydrothyria utilizing biogeographical, chemical, morphological, and ITS1, 5.8s, and ITS2 nrDNA sequence data is presented. Phylogenetic analyses of the molecular data revealed three strongly supported clades representing one cryptic and two non-cryptic taxa. The name P. hydrothyria is restricted to eastern North American populations while the allopatric chemically distinct populations from western North America are recognized as a distinct species, P. gowardii. Peltigera gowardii is circumscribed broadly to include two distinct phylogenetic entities. These findings illustrate the utility of characteristics such as geography and secondary chemistry in delimiting otherwise morphologically cryptic species when combined with molecular data.
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Abstract: Ramboldia blochiana, a sorediate species in the R. russula group, is described as new to science based on collections from North America (U.S.A.), Central America (Mexico), South America (Brazil, Venezuela), and the West Indies (Dominican Republic, Haiti).
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Keywords: Appalachian Mountains/ Magnusson/ SE coastal plain/ Sonoran Desert
Abstract: Acarospora complanata, Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola, and Lecanora stramineoalbida are reported new for North America north of Mexico. Acarospora superfusa is confirmed as occurring in North America. Biatorella rappii is placed in synonymy with Ramonia microspora. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
Notes: New synonym: Biatorella rappii Zahlbr. = Ramonia microspora Vězda
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051939753&partnerID=40&md5=fe4ef19e06dfc40d45bc5eb96e213639
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Abstract: New reports of Heiomasia seaveyorum extend the distribution of this sterile isidiate crustose lichen to include central and northern Florida. Detailed scanning electronic micrographs are also presented to illustrate the morphology of the species.
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Abstract: The distinguishing features of Ropalospora viridis and Fuscidea pusilla are discussed. The geographic distributions of the two species in eastern North America are revised: although both species have an Appalachian-Great Lakes distribution they have somewhat differing biogeographic tendencies. Fuscidea pusilla is a rare species of the northern boreal forests with disjunct populations in the central Appalachian Mountains, whereas R. viridis is common and widespread throughout the Appalachian Mountains and their outliers with disjunct populations in the Great Lakes. Color illustrations of both species are provided
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Abstract: A standardized morphological terminology and descriptive scheme for the sterile asexually reproducing genus Lepraria s. lat. is presented. The contribution includes observations on development and ontogeny of morphological structures and is extensively illustrated with scanning electron and light micrographs. Lepraria has long been considered to be devoid of morphological characters, however the results of extensive micro- and macro-morphological studies strongly refute this hypothesis. The morphological structures of the thallus are defined and described based on their varying degrees of complexity. Thalline morphological variability in the group is categorized into two major types that are further subdivided into six subtypes. Each subtype is described and an artifical key to the subtypes is provided.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000326
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Abstract: The divaricatic acid-producing populations of Lepraria in North America north of Mexico are revised with traditional morphological characters, chemistry, ecology, biogeography, and ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 sequence data. Three taxa are accepted: L. cryophila, L. hodkinsoniana sp. nov. and L. pacifica sp. nov. Both Lepraria crassissima and L. incana are excluded from the study area. Noncryptic, semicryptic and fully cryptic species concepts in Lepraria are discussed with emphasis on the practical integration of molecular characters into taxonomic frameworks based on non-molecular characters.
New taxa: Lepraria hodkinsoniana/L. pacifica
Notes: New species: Lepraria hodkinsoniana Lendemer and L. pacifica Lendemer
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Abstract: A summary of the lichenologically relevant changes to the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature passed by the nomenclature session in Melbourne, Australia in July, 2011 are presented. Background for each change is presented as is a summary of the impact of the change on lichenology and lichen nomenclature.
URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/biblio_detail.php?irn=274285
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Abstract: A summary of three biologically significant lichen habitats found in the northeastern counties of Pennsylvania is presented.
URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41610133
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Abstract: Vezdaea schuyleriana, a new species with sessile apothecia, simple ascospores, and filiform paraphyses that do not entwine individual asci is described from Pennsylvania, USA. A new English language key to the known species of the genus Vezdaea is provided.
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Notes: In French.
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Keywords: Diet/ Lichen/ Seasonal variation/ Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti)/ diet/ feeding behavior/ food consumption/ leaf/ lichen/ nature reserve/ primate/ sampling/ seasonal variation/ seasonality/ shoot/ taxonomy/ Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve/ China/ Yunnan
Abstract: From June 2008 to May 2009, we studied the diet composition for an over-large group of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) by direct observation and instantaneous scan sampling method at Xiangguqing (27°37'N, 99°22'E) in the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that the diet composition of R. bieti included 105 plant species in 42 families. The annual diet consisted of 50.6% lichens, 16.3% mature leaves, 10.5% fruits and seeds, 8.4% young leaves, 7.9% bamboo shoots, 3.0% buds, 1.9% flowers, 0.8% bark/petiole/stem, and 0. 5% fungi. The results also indicated that the monkey consumed more young leaves in spring, and more fruits and seeds in autumn, which suggested their dietary diversity varied seasonally. Bamboo shoots became one of primary foods of R. bieti in summer. We also found that their feeding the 10 families occupied 39. 6% of the total, and Rosaceae occupied 17. 57% , which showed significantly selectivity for food. Thus, all results suggested that feeding behaviors of R. bieti were significantly influenced by the seasonal variation of diverse foods.
Notes: This monkey primarily eats lichens.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-83455250648&partnerID=40&md5=a818615c973b1eecdff15eab94525a32
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Abstract: Epiphytic macrolichen litterfall was collected over 3 years from primary evergreen broad-leaved forests (PF), Populus bonatii secondary forests (PBSF), middle-aged oak secondary forests (MOSF) and old-aged oak secondary forests (OOSF) of the Ailao Mountains in SW China. To assess changes in the epiphyte communities of the subtropical forests, we compared the differences in biomass, species diversity and community structure of epiphytic lichens from the four forest types. A total of 51 species were recorded in this study. Species richness was highest in the PF, while α-diversity was highest in the MOSF. Lichen biomass differed markedly across the four forest types and was highest in the MOSF. The contribution of each dominant species to total biomass, except Nephromopsis ornata, was significantly different among forest types. Moreover, the percent contribution of foliose chlorolichens to litterfall tended to be higher in later-succession forest types, whereas the contributions of cyanolichens and fruticose chlorolichens were lower in these forest types. Compared to the PF, the lichen community structure in secondary forests differed significantly, implying that at least a few hundred years were needed for the restoration of these lichen communities. In particular, nineteen lichens were suggested as indicators, and eleven of them were present in the MOSF. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the observed differences were mainly attributed to canopy openness and the size of the largest tree, which represented an environmental gradient from exposed to sheltered habitats. The diversity of host tree species was also important in determining the composition and distribution of macrolichens. Our findings support the idea that the maintenance of the forest landscape mosaic of heterogeneous forest types may be an important management practice to maintain or promote the epiphytic lichen community of the subtropical Ailao Mountains.
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Keywords: Ascomycetes/ Heme peroxidase/ Lichen/ Non-phenolic aromatics/ Phenols
Abstract: Lichens belonging to the order Peltigerales display strong activity of multi-copper oxidases (e.g. tyrosinase) as well as heme-containing peroxidases. The lichen peroxidase was purified to homogeneity from the thallus of Leptogium saturninum (LsaPOX) by fast protein liquid chromatography and then partially characterized. The oligomeric protein occurs as both 79. kDa dimeric and 42. kDa monomeric forms, and displayed broad substrate specificity. In addition to an ability to oxidize classic peroxidase substrates (e.g. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol), the enzyme could convert recalcitrant compounds such as synthetic dyes (e.g. Azure B and Reactive Blue 5), 4-nitrophenol and non-phenolic methoxylated aromatics (e.g. veratryl alcohol). Comparing LsaPOX with a basidiomycete dye-decolorizing (DyP)-type peroxidase from Auricularia auricula-judae showed that the lichen enzyme has a high-redox potential, with oxidation capabilities ranging between those of known plant and fungal peroxidases. Internal peptide fragments show homology (up to 60%) with putative proteins from free-living ascomycetes (e.g. Penicillium marneffei and Neosartorya fischeri), but not to sequences of algal or cyanobacterial peptides or to known fungal, bacterial or plant peroxidases. LsaPOX is the first heme peroxidase purified from an ascomyceteous lichen that may help the organism to successfully exploit the extreme micro-environments in which they often grow. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2011.10.004
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Notes: In Polish with English abstract
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Keywords: Air pollution/ Fluorine/ Lichens/ NO x/ Recolonisation/ SO2
Abstract: Dynamics of epiphytic lichen distribution and diversity in the town of Skawina, one of the major industrial centres of southern Poland, over the last 30 years, was documented in relation to air quality changes. Fieldwork was conducted in 2006-2007. A total of 34 species were recorded at 202 sites, which is similar to the historical data, however, significant qualitative changes occurred. Nitrogen- and dust-tolerant species have expanded and dominate, while some acidophytes, such as Lecanora conizaeoides, are in decline. Lichens have recolonised the former 'lichen desert' in the town centre. Species richness at study sites has increased; and an improvement in the health of lichen thalli was noted. These trends reflect air quality improvement, mainly SO2 decline in the last few decades and transport-related compounds, mainly NO x and dust that have became the main pollutants. Host tree species and diameter diversity also contribute significantly to lichen species diversity in the study area. The recolonisation process seems far from complete and further changes in the lichen distribution and diversity in the study area are expected. © 2010 The Author(s).
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960405033&partnerID=40&md5=c573aedcab4f0ba56d7f1e25d525fab9
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Abstract: Altitude is one of the most important factors influencing lichen biodiversity. Understanding the altitudinal distribution patterns of lichens is the first step towards the effective protection of lichen biodiversity. The lichen genus Peltigera tends to distribute at higher altitudes [(2,022±995)m] with a narrow altitudinal range (68% species occurring between 1,694－2,954m), suggesting its biodiversity can be highly affected by global warming. A unimodal distribution pattern was detected for both species richness and individual richness of the genus. The eleven species examined in detail have different altitudinal patterns that seem to be related to altitude. The altitudinal distribution of the eleven species evidently supports the Rapoport rule. The following four lichens may be most sensitive to global warming due to their high altitude distribution and narrow altitude range, viz.: Peltigera continentalis, P. dolichospora, P. kristinssonii and P. venosa.
Countries/Continents: Asia/China
URL: http://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jwxb/EN/abstract/abstract371.shtml#
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Keywords: Biological soil crusts/ Crust ages/ Crust types/ Dune fixation/ Soil nematode/ Tengger Desert
Abstract: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in the dune fixation and maintaining soil biota in arid desert systems. Free-living soil nematode communities could be used as significant bioindicators to reflect soil recover regime after sand burial. However, the relationship between BSCs and nematodes is rarely known. To examine the effects of BSCs on soil nematodes, 72 soil samples under cyanobacteria-lichen and moss crusts were collected to analyse nematode communities in the different aged vegetated areas at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. Our results showed the colonization and development of BSCs significantly enhanced nematode diversity. Nematode abundances, generic richness, H', MI, EI and SI were greater under crusts than those under noncrust. In particular, nematode abundances, generic richness, H', MI, EI and SI were positively correlated with crust ages. The differences in nematode communities were also dependent upon crust types. Nematode abundances and generic richness under moss crusts were higher than those under cyanobacteria-lichen crusts. This can be contributed to the present and succession of BSCs that increased thickness of topsoil after dunes have been stabilized, namely, creating suitable habitats and providing an essential food source for nematodes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052139390&partnerID=40&md5=6a97296ebb94a38e9eb5f3baf846fcd5
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Keywords: Air pollution, bark pH, biomonitoring, forest dieback, Italy, trace elements
Abstract: This study checked the hypothesis if the diversity of epiphytic lichens on conifer trees far removed from local sources of air pollution and affected by dieback by biotic factors such as fungi and infects is higher than the diversity on nearby healthy trees. The results showed that this hypothesis does not apply to the study area (Chianti Region, Tuscany, C Italy), which experiences low levels of air pollution, and where the lichen vegetation of damaged trees is not different from that of nearby healthy trees. Other site factors such as solar irradiation, air temperature and relative humidity, as well as substrate bark parameters such as water-holding capacity, conductivity, and ammonium, K, Mg and Na content were not different between healthy and damaged trees. Higher bark concentrations of Mn, Ca and Fe on damaged trees are consistent with known effects of these elements on lichens. The higher bark pH measured on healthy trees requires further study, but nevertheless bark pH was not a decisive factor for the epiphytic lichen vegetation.
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Keywords: Conservation/ Continuity/ Forest management/ Habitat/ Lichen/ Limiting factor/ Structural diversity
Abstract: Appropriate conservation management of old-forest species depends on the causes of their oldforest affinity, which, however, are insufficiently known. Calicioid fungi are often considered old-forest dependent because of their special requirements for microhabitat, microclimate, and stand continuity for at least two tree generations. We demonstrate that, for several methodological or interpretational problems, published studies do not provide unequivocal evidence for such mechanisms and even for old-forest dependency of calicioids in general. We then analyse a large Estonian dataset (ca. 2300 records of 32 species) representing various management types and site types to answer whether old forests have more calicioid species, and any specific species, than could be expected for the substratum availability observed. Although old growth had more species and records than mature managed stands or cutover sites, those substratum types that occurred at roughly similar abundances also hosted comparable numbers of species in different management types. The characteristic substrata adding extra species to old growth were snags and root-plates of treefall mounds; wood surfaces in general comprised more than half of all calicioid records. Although substratum abundance did not fully explain the species-richness contrast between old growth and mature stands, additional evidence suggested that the unexplained variance is rather due to small-scale habitat characteristics than stand-scale continuity or microclimate. Finally, we review the evidence for old-forest affinity of calicioid species and distinguish a set of threatened species. We conclude that the availability of specific substrata is the main limiting factor for calicioid fungi in forests, and its quantitative and stochastic nature explains the large random and region-specific variation in the published lists of 'old-forest species'.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856620063&partnerID=40&md5=a309335ce1c6f09c0250d92fdf679bb8
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Keywords: AFNOR/ Air quality/ Biomonitoring/ CEN/ Lichen/ Moss/ Normalisation/ Ray-grass/ Tobacco
Abstract: The practice of biomonitoring method for the assessment of air quality is well documented, but is limited to purposes of research and do not contribute to the decisionmaking process. Biomonitoring methods are not explicitly mentioned or recommended at present in any national or European regulation, which act as a brake to its expansion. Standardization thus appears to be necessary to insure that biomonitoring techniques are best recognised. The French standardization institute AFNOR established the committee T95AIR "Biomonitoring of air quality" in 2005 to elaborate the first four national standards of biomonitoring of the air quality. The fours standards were published in 2008 (on bioassessment of ozone using tobacco plants, active biomonitoring by ray-grass, passive biomonitoring procedures using cultivated mosses and determination of Index of epiphytic lichens). This committee T95AIR is still active and began to work in 2008 on the elaboration of three new French standards. In the meantime, the European Committee of Standardization (CEN) launched four new items in order to publish the first European standard in this domain probably in 2013.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855379474&partnerID=40&md5=5dab5fe15f4b6a914411237e72eea5dd
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Keywords: chemistry, lichens, Muránska planina Mts, Nízke Tatry Mts, Veporské vrchy Mts
Abstract: Occurrence of five species of the genus Usnea (U. dasypoga, U. hirta including U. hirta subsp. helvetica, U. intermedia, U. lapponica and U. subfloridana) is reported from 10 localities of central Slovakia (Nízke Tatry Mts, Spiško-gemerský kras Karst, Veporské vrchy Mts). Chemical and morphological properties of particular collections are discussed.
Genera/Families: Usnea/ Parmeliaceae
Countries/Continents: Slovakia
Notes: In Slovak with English abstract and summary
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Abstract: Species of Usnea with black pigmentation in the cortex and dark apothecial discs are informally referred to as neuropogonoid lichens. Here we studied the phylogenetic relationships of the core group of neuropogonoid lichens using DNA sequence data of three loci: nuclear ITS and IGS rDNA and RPB1. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses revealed monophyly of 11 neuropogonoid species, with U. ciliata and U. subcapillaris forming a separate lineage. The backbone of the phylogeny of the core group was not resolved with statistical confidence, but relationships of groups of two to three species received strong support (U. acromelana +U. aurantiaco-atra; U. messutiae+U. pallidocarpa; U. sphacelata+U. subantarctica+U. trachycarpa; U. lambii+U. perpusilla+U. ushuaiensis). The new combination U. lambii (Imshaug) Wirtz & Lumbsch comb. nov. is made and U. messutiae Wirtz & Lumbsch sp. nov. is described.
Notes: New combination: Usnea lambii (Imshaug) Wirtz & Lumbsch
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000417
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Keywords: Cryptic species/ Lichens/ Monophyly of species/ Phylogeny/ Ribosomal/ Species circumscription/ Taxonomy
Abstract: Accurate species delimitations are crucial for ecological and conservation studies, assessments of biotic diversity, and identifying factors driving diversification. Estimates suggest that the vast majority of fungal species are currently unknown. Although many undescribed fungal taxa are expected to be indentified within understudied groups and from underexplored areas, mounting evidence suggests a substantial number of unrecognized fungal species are likely hidden within traditional phenotypebased species in lichen-forming fungi. Molecular genetics has revolutionized our ability to assess traditional species concepts and provides additional tools for robust species delimitation. In general, lichens display few taxonomically usefully characters; therefore molecular data have gained great importance in delimiting fungal species in lichen symbioses. As a result, the taxonomic value of phenotypical characters is now much better understood, and in many cases previously overlooked characters have been identified supporting molecular-based species circumscriptions. Although in some cases molecular research has verified traditional hypotheses, most studies repeatedly show that our current interpretation of morphological and chemical characters is inadequate to accurately characterize diversity. Here we report on the role of molecular data in understanding species-level diversity in lichenized fungi by reviewing current literature, focusing primarily on Ascomycota. While finding and applying the appropriate character sets and analytical tools remains one of the greatest challenges to empirical species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi, the available literature indicates that the inclusion of molecular data in species circumscription is crucial to establish robust hypotheses of species boundaries in this important group of fungi. © Kevin D. Hyde 2011.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0123-z
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Notes: New species: Acarospora flavisparsa V.J.Rico & Candan, Acarospora janae K. Knudsen, Aderkomyces thailandicus Papong, Boonpragob & Lücking, Amandinea maritima Giralt, van den Boom & Elix, Ampliotrema cocosense Lücking & Chaves, Anomomorpha lecanorina Sipman, Anomomorpha tuberculata Lücking, Umaña & Will-Wolf, Aspicilia mansourii Sohrabi, Bacidina sorediata Seaward & Lücking, Badimia multiseptata Papong & Lücking, Badimia vezdana Lücking, Farkas & Wirth, Biatora epirotica Printzen & T.Sprib., Buellia sulphurica Bungartz & Aptroot, Bunodophoron pinnatum Wedin, Byssoloma spinulosum Sérus., Calopadia cinereopruinosa Bungartz & Lücking, Calopadia editae Vĕzda ex Chaves & Lücking, Caloplaca brownlieae S.Y.Kondr., Elix & Kärnefelt, Caloplaca decipioides Arup, Caloplaca digitaurea Søgaard, Søchting & Sancho, Caloplaca magnussoniana S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell, Caloplaca mereschkowskiana S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Caloplaca yorkensis S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Calvitimela uniseptata G.Thor, Chapsa microspora Kalb, Chapsa psoromica M.Cáceres, Santos de Jesus & Santos Vieira, Chapsa rubropulveracea Hale ex Mangold, Lücking & Lumbsch, Chapsa thallotrema Lücking & N.Salazar, Chiodecton pustuliferum Aptroot, Cladonia mongkolsukii Parnmen & Ahti, Clypeopyrenis porinoides Komposch, J.E.Hern. & Rosabal, Coccocarpia delicatula Bungartz, Ziemmeck & Lücking, Coenogonium flammeum L.I.Ferraro, Michlig & Lücking, Cresponea ancistrosporelloides Sparrius & Sipman, Crocynia microphyllina Aptroot, Dictyonema hernandezii Lücking, Lawrey & Dal-Forno, Dictyonema hirsutum Moncada & Lücking, Diorygma microsporum M.Cáceres & Lücking, Diorygma sticticum Sutjaritturakan, Kalb & Lücking, Echinoplaca pernambucensis Øvstedal & Elix, Echinoplaca schizidiifera J.E.Hern. & Lücking, Eremithallus marusae R.Miranda, Gaya & Lücking, Everniastrum constictovexans Sipman, Fellhanera borbonica Sérus., van den Boom & Brand, Fibrillithecis sprucei Mangold, Lücking & Lumbsch, Fissurina astroisidiata Herrera-Campos & Lücking, Fissurina nigrolabiata Rivas Plata, Bawingan & Lücking, Fissurina subcomparimuralis Common & Lücking, Graphis caribica Lücking, Graphis cerradensis Marcelli, Benatti & Lücking, Graphis itatiaiensis Nelsen, Lücking & Spielmann, Graphis marusae B.Peña & Lücking, Gyalideopsis chicaque Moncada & Lücking, Gyrotrema papillatum Lücking, Harpidium gavilaniae Amo, Pérez-Ortega & A. Crespo, Hypogymnia amplexa Goward, Björk & Wheeler, Hypotrachyna guatemalensis Elix & van den Boom, Hypotrachyna indica Divakar, Lumbsch, Upreti & A.Crespo, Hypotrachyna lueckingii Sipman, Hypotrachyna paracitrella Sipman & Palice, Hypotrachyna paraphyscioides Sipman, Hypotrachyna parasinuosa Sipman & Palice, Icmadophila eucalypti Kantvilas, Krogia microphylla Timdal, Lecanora mugaii Kirika, I.Schmitt, Fankhauser & Lumbsch, Lecanora printzenii Pérez-Ortega, Vivas & Hafellner, Lecanora xanthoplumosella Lumbsch & Elix, Lecidea lygommella Elix, Lecidella greenii U.Ruprecht & Türk, Lempholemma corticola M.Schultz & T.Sprib., Lepraria sekikaica Elix, Lobariella sipmanii Moncada, Betancourt & Lücking, Megalospora austropacifica Lumbsch, Naikatini & Lücking, Megalospora galapagoensis Bungartz, Ziemmeck & Lücking, Menegazzia endocrocea Kantvilas, Myriotrema endoflavescens Hale ex Lücking, Ocellularia albobullata Lücking, Sipman & Grube, Ocellularia vizcayensis Rivas Plata, Duya & Lücking, Ochrolechia insularis Kantvilas & Elix, Opegrapha viridipruinosa B.J.Coppins & R.Yahr, Pannaria phyllidiata Elvebakk, Parmelia asiatica A.Crespo & Divakar, Pertusaria conspersa Messuti, Phlyctis psoromica Elix & Kantvilas, Placopsis imshaugii D.J.Galloway, Platismatia wheeleri Goward, Altermann & Björk, Porina huainamdungensis Papong, Thammathaworn & Lücking, Ramalina hyrcana Sipman, Ramalina stoffersii Sipman, Relicina coloiana Elix & Sipman, Rhizocarpon diploschistidina McCune, Sagenidiopsis isidiata G.Thor, Elix, Lücking & Sipman, Sticta venosa Lücking, Moncada & Robayo, Tapellaria albomarginata Lücking, Thelotrema fijiense Lumbsch, Lücking & Naikatini, Tricharia nigriuncinata Yeshitela, Eb.Fischer, Killmann & Sérus., Usnea galapagona Truong & P.Clerc, Usnea pallidocarpa Wirtz & Lumbsch, Verrucaria rhizicola Aptroot & Thüs, and Xanthomendoza rosmarieae S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt; new combinations: Fibrillithecis dehiscens (Leight.) Mangold, Lücking & Lumbsch, Lobariella botryoides (Yoshim. & Arv.) Moncada & Lücking, and Lobariella pallida (Hook.f.) Moncada & Lücking.
URL: http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00018p127.pdf
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Abstract: [New species: Lecanora hafelliana L. Lü, Y. Joshi & Hur and L. loekoesii Y. Joshi, L. Lü & Hur] Two new species, Lecanora hafelliana L. Lü, Y. Joshi & Hur and L. loekoesii Y. Joshi, L. Lü & Hur, are described as new to science from South Korea and eight species, L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue, L. cenisia Ach., L. nipponica H. Miyaw., L. perplexa Brodo, L. plumosa Müll. Arg., L. polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh., L. subrugosa Nyl. and L. sulcata (Hue) H. Miyaw., are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Lecanora hafelliana is characterized by the presence of hafellic acid, which is reported for the first time in this genus, while L. loekoesii is characterized by multispored asci and a thallus containing norstictic acid.
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Abstract: Two new species, Lecanora hafelliana L. Lü, Y. Joshi & Hur and L. loekoesii Y. Joshi, L. Lü & Hur, are described as new to science from South Korea and eight species, L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue, L. cenisia Ach., L. nipponica H. Miyaw., L. perplexa Brodo, L. plumosa Müll. Arg., L. polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh., L. subrugosa Nyl. and L. sulcata (Hue) H. Miyaw., are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Lecanora hafelliana is characterized by the presence of hafellic acid, which is reported for the first time in this genus, while L. loekoesii is characterized by multispored asci and a thallus containing norstictic acid.
Notes: New species: Lecanora hafelliana L. Lü, Y. Joshi & Hur and L. loekoesii Y. Joshi, L. Lü & Hur.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000144
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Abstract: Background: We present a novel method to encode ambiguously aligned regions in fixed multiple sequence alignments by 'Pairwise Identity and Cost Scores Ordination' (PICS-Ord). The method works via ordination of sequence identity or cost scores matrices by means of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). After identification of ambiguous regions, the method computes pairwise distances as sequence identities or cost scores, ordinates the resulting distance matrix by means of PCoA, and encodes the principal coordinates as ordered integers. Three biological and 100 simulated datasets were used to assess the performance of the new method. Results: Including ambiguous regions coded by means of PICS-Ord increased topological accuracy, resolution, and bootstrap support in real biological and simulated datasets compared to the alternative of excluding such regions from the analysis a priori. In terms of accuracy, PICS-Ord performs equal to or better than previously available methods of ambiguous region coding (e.g., INAASE), with the advantage of a practically unlimited alignment size and increased analytical speed and the possibility of PICS-Ord scores to be analyzed together with DNA data in a partitioned maximum likelihood model. Conclusions: Advantages of PICS-Ord over step matrix-based ambiguous region coding with INAASE include a practically unlimited number of OTUs and seamless integration of PICS-Ord codes into phylogenetic datasets, as well as the increased speed of phylogenetic analysis. Contrary to word- and frequency-based methods, PICS-Ord maintains the advantage of pairwise sequence alignment to derive distances, and the method is flexible with respect to the calculation of distance scores. In addition to distance and maximum parsimony, PICS-Ord codes can be analyzed in a Bayesian or maximum likelihood framework. RAxML (version 7.2.6 or higher that was developed for this study) allows up to 32-state ordered or unordered characters. A GTR, MK, or ORDERED model can be applied to analyse the PICS-Ord codes partition, with GTR performing slightly better than MK and ORDERED. Availability: An implementation of the PICS-Ord algorithm is available from http://scit.us/projects/ngila/wiki/PICS-Ord webcite. It requires both the statistical software, R http://www.r-project.org and the alignment software Ngila http://scit.us/projects/ngila .
Notes: Sequence data from Graphidaceae and Physciaceae, in addition to simulated data, were analyzed to assess the new methodology.
URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/12/10
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Notes: New genus: Trinathotrema Lücking, Rivas Plata & Mangold; new combinations: Trinathotrema lumbricoides (Sipman) Sipman & Aptroot and T. stictideum (Nyl.) Lücking, Miranda & Kalb
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Keywords: Ascomycota; lichens; new species; biodiversity; biogeography; Florida
Abstract: Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park is located in Collier County at the extreme southwestern corner of Florida, close to Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve. The 18th Tuckerman Workshop, an annual gathering of professional and amateur lichenologists and mycologists from the United States and Canada, this time with additional participants from Puerto Rico, Peru, and Austria, was held at this locality from March 1–7, 2009. Lichens were collected over a five day span from four sites within the Preserve. Together with previously made collections, the survey produced a total of 432 taxa, 18 of which are new to science and 89 are additions to the North America checklist, six of which are also new to the New World. The new species are: Calopadia floridana Hodges & Lücking, Calopadia imshaugii Common & Lücking, Cryptothecia miniata Vain. ex Lücking, Diorygma microsporum M. Cáceres & Lücking (formally described in a separate paper), Fissurina aggregatula Common & Lücking, Fissurina analphabetica Common & Lücking, Fissurina confusa Common & Lücking, Fissurina inspersa Common & Lücking, Fissurina pseudostromatica Lücking & Rivas Plata, Fissurina subcomparimuralis Common & Lücking (formally described in a separate paper), Fissurina tuckermaniana Common & Lücking, Fissurina varieseptata Common & Lücking, Graphis appendiculata Common & Lücking, Halegrapha floridana Common & Lücking (formally described in a separate paper), Heiomasia seaveyorum M. P. Nelsen & Lücking (formally described in a separate paper), Phaeographis delicatula Common & Lücking, Tapellaria floridensis Common & Lücking, and Tapellaria granulosa Lücking & Rivas Plata. Further, the following three new combinations are proposed: Chapsa platycarpoides (Tuck.) Breuss & Lücking, Fissurina intercludens (Nyl.) Lücking & Rivas Plata, and Fissurina mexicana (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Rivas Plata. Six species are for the first time reported for the New World: Arthonia interveniens Nyl., Arthonia simplicascens Nyl., Chapsa subpatens (Hale) Mangold, Fissurina crassilabra Mont. & Bosch, Stirtonia dubia A. L. Sm., and Stirtonia macrocarpa Makhija & Patw. Further 83 species are additions to the North American lichen checklist: Amandinea endachroa (Malme) Marbach, Anisomeridium subnexum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris, Arthonia antillarum (Fée) Nyl., Aspidothelium cinerascens Vain., Aspidothelium geminiparum (Malme) R. Sant., Aspidothelium scutellicarpum Lücking, Astrothelium diplocarpoides Müll. Arg., Byssoloma chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Calopadia editae Vĕzda ex Chaves & Lücking, Calopadia lecanorella (Nyl.) Kalb & Vězda, Calopadia perpallida (Nyl.) Vězda, Calopadia subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Vězda, Chapsa chionostoma (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Mangold, Chapsa platycarpoides (Tuck.) Breuss & Lücking, Coenogonium congense C. W. Dodge, Coenogonium geralense (P. Henn) Lücking, Coenogonium luteocitrinum Rivas Plata, Lücking & Umaña., Coenogonium subdentatum (Vězda & G. Thor) Rivas Plata, Lücking, Umana & Chaves., Coenogonium subfallaciosum (Vězda & Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman., Coniarthonia wilmsiana (Müll. Arg.) Grube, Cryptolechia nana (Tuck.) D. Hawksw. & Dibben, Cryptothecia effusa (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Cryptothecia punctosorediata Sparrius., Dictyonema phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., Dictyonema sericeum f. phyllophilum Parm., Echinoplaca leucotrichoides (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Eugeniella leucocheila (Tuck.) Lücking, Sérus. & Kalb, Fissurina cingalina (Nyl.) Staiger, Fissurina egena (Nyl.) Nyl., Fissurina mexicana (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Rivas Plata, Fissurina radiata Mont., Fissurina tachygrapha (Nyl.) Staiger, Glyphis atrofusca (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Graphis argentata Lücking & Umaña., Graphis assimilis Nyl., Graphis caesiocarpa Redinger, Graphis caribica Lücking, Graphis conferta Zenker., Graphis cupei Vain. ex Lücking, Graphis disserpens Nyl., Graphis handelii Zahlbr., Graphis longula Kremp., Graphis oshioi M. Nakan., Graphis pseudocinerea Lücking, Graphis sauroidea Leight., Graphis stellata M. Cáceres & Lücking, Graphis subflexibilis Lücking & Chaves., Graphis xanthospora Müll. Arg., Gyalectidium ulloae Herrera-Campos & Lücking, Lücking & G. Thor, Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot, Lücking & Will-Wolf., Lecanora achroa Nyl., Lecanora elapheia Stizenb., Leucodecton compunctellum (Nyl.) A. Frisch., Malmidea fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking, Malmidea gyalectoides (Vain.) Kalb & Lücking, Malmidea leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking, Malmidea piperis (Spreng.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Malmidea rhodopis (Tuck.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Malmidea variabilis Kalb, Malmidea vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Myriotrema pycnoporellum (Nyl.) Hale, Ocellularia auberianoides (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Ocellularia obturascens (Nyl.) Hale, Pertusaria paratuberculifera Dibben, Phaeographis flavescens Dal Forno & Eliasaro., Phaeographis inconspicua (Fée) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis leiogrammodes (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis major (Kremp.) Lücking, Phaeographis nylanderi (Vain.) Zahlbr., Phaeographis scalpturata (Ach.) Staiger, Phaeographis schizoloma (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Phyllopsora lacerata Timdal, Pseudopyrenula subgregaria Müll. Arg., Pseudopyrenula subnudata Müll. Arg., Psoroglaena costaricensis Henssen, Pyrenula brunnea Fée, Pyrenula sexlocularis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Sporopodium marginatum Lücking & Lumbsch, Strigula orbicularis Fr., Strigula schizospora R. Sant., Tapellaria albomarginata Lücking, Tapellaria malmei R. Sant., and Thelotrema pachysporum Nyl. The high number of species found within a relatively small area, which corresponds to almost 10% of all lichens currently known in North America, is put into perspective by comparing it with other protected areas in the United States. It is explained by the high carrying capacity of (sub-)tropical vegetation for epiphytic and particularly crustose lichens. Keytables and image plates are presented to facilitate the identification of species in larger crustose genera.
New taxa: New species: Calopadia floridana Hodges & Lücking, Calopadia imshaugii Common & Lücking, Cryptothecia miniata Vain. ex Lücking, Fissurina aggregatula Common & Lücking, Fissurina analphabetica Common & Lücking, Fissurina confusa Common & Lücking, Fissurina inspersa Common & Lücking, Fissurina pseudostromatica Lücking & Rivas Plata, Fissurina tuckermaniana Common & Lücking, Fissurina varieseptata Common & Lücking, Graphis appendiculata Common & Lücking, Phaeographis delicatula Common & Lücking, Tapellaria floridensis Common & Lücking, and Tapellaria granulosa Lücking & Rivas Plata; new combinations: Chapsa platycarpoides (Tuck.) Breuss & Lücking, Fissurina intercludens (Nyl.) Lücking & Rivas Plata, and Fissurina mexicana (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Rivas Plata.
Notes: New species: Calopadia floridana Hodges & Lücking, Calopadia imshaugii Common & Lücking, Cryptothecia miniata Vain. ex Lücking, Fissurina aggregatula Common & Lücking, Fissurina analphabetica Common & Lücking, Fissurina confusa Common & Lücking, Fissurina inspersa Common & Lücking, Fissurina pseudostromatica Lücking & Rivas Plata, Fissurina tuckermaniana Common & Lücking, Fissurina varieseptata Common & Lücking, Graphis appendiculata Common & Lücking, Phaeographis delicatula Common & Lücking, Tapellaria floridensis Common & Lücking, and Tapellaria granulosa Lücking & Rivas Plata; new combinations: Chapsa platycarpoides (Tuck.) Breuss & Lücking, Fissurina intercludens (Nyl.) Lücking & Rivas Plata, and Fissurina mexicana (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Rivas Plata.
URL: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/bulletin/vol49no4supplmats.htm
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Keywords: foliicolous/ Leptogium/ Philippines
Abstract: The new foliicolous lichen Coccocarpia melloniorum Lücking from the Philippines is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. epiphylla but differs in the formation of disc-shaped isidia and dark rhizines. The species was discovered as part of a type digitization project through the Global Plant Initiative (GPI), as part of a syntype collection of Leptogium phyllogenum f. subsinuatum Vain. © 2011 The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
Notes: New species: Coccocarpia melloniorum Lücking.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.4.702
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Abstract: The new genus Halegrapha is introduced, with six species (five new species and one new combination) from Australia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Kenya, Mexico, and the United States: H. chimaera Rivas Plata & Lücking (type species; Philippines), H. floridana Common & Lücking (United States: Florida), H. intergrapha Hale ex Lücking (Malaysia), H. kenyana Kalb & Lücking (Kenya), H. mexicana A. B. Peña & Lücking (Mexico), and H. mucronata (Stirt.) Lücking (Australia). The genus resembles Graphis morphologically in the strongly carbonized, black lirellae and white-grey thallus strongly encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals, but has a Phaeographis-type hymenium (clear in two species) and ascospores, making it a 'chimera' between the two genera. Molecular data suggest the genus to be closely related to Phaeographis and allies but genetically distinct from any of the genera currently recognized, including Platygramme.
Notes: New species: H. chimaera Rivas Plata & Lücking (type species), H. floridana Common & Lücking, H. intergrapha Hale ex Lücking, H. kenyana Kalb & Lücking, H. mexicana A. B. Peña & Lücking; new combination: H. mucronata (Stirt.) Lücking
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000302
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Abstract: A brief discussion of the Encyclopedia of Life and the LifeDesks websites as a means to assemble and publish species pages and taxonomic information on the internet, for both the scientific community and the public, is provided. The lichen family Parmeliaceae is the first large group of lichenized fungi for which a concerted effort is currently being undertaken to produce substantial content for the EOL.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000168
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Keywords: CANCER CELL/ CELL CYCLE/ CYTOTOXICITY/ LICHEN METABOLITES/ MEDICINE/ SECONDARY CHEMISTRY/ PARIETIN/ ATRANORIN/ USNIC ACID/ GYROPHORIC ACID
Abstract: [Tests on nine human cancer cell lines. "However, in comparison with parietin and gyrophoric acid, the suppression of viability and cell proliferation by usnic acid or atranorin was found to be more efficient at equitoxic doses and correlated more strongly with an increased number of floating cells or a higher apoptotic index. This study has confirmed a differential sensitivity of cancer cell lines to lichen secondary metabolites."]
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Keywords: ATRANORIN/ CYTOTOXICITY/ FREE RADICALS/ LICHEN METABOLITES/ OXIDATIVE STRESS
Abstract: [Discussion of the beneficial chemical properties of atranorin, the main compound found in Cladina kalbii.]
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Abstract: [These researchers have developed a protocol for classiying optical satellite images of Sweden into ground lichen cover classes, which is useful information for understanding reindeer grazing patterns.]
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Abstract: [In vitro antioxidant activity of some extracts of Ramalina capitata was studied; potential anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities were revealed.]
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