URL: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25421679
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Keywords: SPECIATION/ SPECIES/ DELIMITATION/ PARMELIACEAE/ CHEMOTAXONOMY
Notes: Discussion of evolution and speciation in lichens, including critique of current methods of species delimitation.
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URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/DiederichCartographie.pdf
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Notes: New: Arthothelium lichenalis (Peck) Barr (≡ Sphaeria lichenalis Peck).
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Abstract: Fascicle XIII of the exsiccate “K. KALB: LICHENES NEOTROPICI” with 50 lichen sp ecimens (No. 526-575) from South and Central America, Africa and Australia is distributed. Co rrected schedae are presented for numbers 27, 32, 35, 60, 417 and 502. Coenogonium roumeguerianum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb, C. pulchrum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb, C. subdilutum (Malme) Kalb and Phaeographis caesioradians (Leight.) Kalb are new combinations. Chroodiscus exfoliatus Kalb, Enterographa lueckingii Kalb, E. tanzanica Kalb, Lecanora strobisorella Kalb, Malcolmiella subgranifera Kalb & Elix, Pyrrhospora aurea Kalb & Elix and P. bullata Kalb & Elix are described as new. Besides for the newly described species, isotype material is also distributed for Chaenothecopsis kalbii K. Ryman & Tibell, Cladonia bahiana Ahti and Platythecium acutisporum Staiger (ined.).
Notes: Labels for nos. 526-575 in this exsiccata series. New: Coenogonium roumegueri anum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb (≡ Biatorinopsis roumegueriana Müll. Arg.), Coenogonium pulchrum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb (≡ Biatorinopsis pulchra Müll. Arg.), Coenogonium subdilutum (Malme) Kalb (≡ Dimerella subdiluta Malme), Chroodiscus exfoliatus Kalb (from Brazil), Enterographa lueckingii Kalb (from Brazil), Enterographa tanzanica Kalb (from Tanzania), Lecanora strobisorella Kalb (from Brazil), Malcolmiella subgranifera Kalb & Elix (from Australia), Phaeographis caesioradians (Leight.) Kalb (≡ Graphis caesioradians Leight.), Pyrrhospora aurea Kalb & Elix (from Australia), Pyrrhospora bullata Kalb & Elix, (from Australia).
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URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/L9Lejeunia173.pdf
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Keywords: ALLELOPATHY/ CLADONIA ALPESTRIS/ CLADONIA SUBTENUIS/ CLIMATOLOGY/ DECIDUOUS FORESTS/ ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS/ EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT/ FIRE INTENSITY/ FORBS/ FOREST MANAGEMENT/ GAYLUSSACIA BACCATA/ GRASSES/ HISTORIES/ LICHENS/ LIGHT/ MESIC SOILS/ MODELS/ MOSAIC/ MOSSES/ MYCORRHIZA/ NEW JERSEY/ NORTH AMERICA/ NORTH EASTERN STATES/ PINE FORESTS/ PINUS RIGIDA/ PLANT COMMUNITIES/ PLANT DISEASES/ POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM/ POPULATION DENSITY/ PRAIRIES/ PRECIPITATION/ PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION/ QUERCUS/ SAVANNAS/ SCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUM/ SEED GERMINATION/ SEEDLINGS/ SEEDS/ SHRUBS/ SOIL NUTRIENTS/ STATISTICAL ANALYSIS/ SWAMPS/ TEMPERATURE/ USA/ VACCINIUM PALLIDUM/ VASCULAR PLANTS/ VEGETATION SURVEYS/ WILDFIRES/ WOODY PLANTS/ XERIC SOILS
Abstract: Severely burned areas in the pitch pine-dominated forests of the New Jersey Pinelands may remain open and only vegetated with mats of lichens and mosses and sparse, scattered vascular plants for many decades. We hypothesize that climate-driven alternation between moss and lichen domination of the cryptogam mats may foster and inhibit, respectively, vascular plant development. We propose that these processes are mediated by the inhibitory effects of lichens on seed germination and seedling establishment versus a facilitating effect of mosses. We tested the hypothesis by 1) detailed surveys of the composition of cryptogam mats and their association with vascular plants, 2) experimental studies of the effects of tissue leachates on seed germination, 3) observations of mycorrhizal infection in field-collected plants, and 4) experimental tests of seedling emergence from mats. Lichen dominance in the mats was correlated with low densities of vascular plants (graminoids and ericoid shrubs), thin organic horizons on the soil, and high levels of light availability; moss dominance was correlated with higher vascular plant densities, thicker organic horizons, and lower light. Tissue extracts of lichens strongly inhibited seed germination, while moss extracts had no effect. Similarly, mycorrhizal infection by both ecto- and endomycorrhizae was lower in plants growing within lichen mats than in moss mats or in bare soil. However, thick mats of both types of cryptogam inhibited seedling emergence. We observed that moss-dominated patches became overgrown with lichens during a series of very dry, hot summers during the study. These observations all support the hypothesis that fluctuating warm and dry versus cool and moist conditions allow alternative stable states (open cryptogam mats vs succession to pine forest) to develop.
Genera/Families: Cladonia/Cladoniaceae
Countries/Continents: North America/U.S.A.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12058.x/abstract
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Countries/Continents: North America/U.S.A.
URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ozarklichens/biblio_detail.php?irn=132967
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Keywords: ALPINE TUNDRA/ COMPETITION/ DOMINANT SPECIES/ DRYAS OCTOPETALA/ FUNCTIONAL GROUPS/ NUTRIENT ADDITION/ OPEN TOP CHAMBERS/ PLANT COMMUNITY DIVERSITY/ SOUTH NORWAY/ SPECIES INTERACTIONS/ WARMING
Abstract: Alpine and arctic ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to climate change. We know little about alpine plant community responses to the predicted abiotic changes, or to possible changes in the biotic environment caused by climate change. Four years of experimental warming and nutrient addition altered dominance hierarchies, community structure, and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot in south Norway. The previously dominant dwarf shrub Dryas octopetala was replaced by graminoids and forbs under nutrient addition and warming with nutrients. Community diversity declined due to decreased bryophyte and lichen richness and abundances, and dwarf shrub abundances. In controls and in plots with only warming, where Dryas maintained dominance, the relationships between changes in Dryas cover and changes in community parameters were negative, suggesting that Dryas controls community processes. Under nutrient addition, bryophyte and lichen diversity decreased with decreasing Dryas cover, probably due to increased competition from graminoids and forbs. The shift in dominance hierarchies changed community structure and dynamics through increased biomass, vegetation height, and competition for light. Community diversity dropped primarily because changes in the abiotic environment modified biotic interactions, highlighting that species interaction must be considered in climate change experiments and in models predicting climate change effects.
Notes: Study included lichens.
URL: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/04-1563
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Abstract: Vegetation research in boreal forests has tended to focus on the tree component, while little attention has been paid to understory components such as dwarf shrubs, mosses, and reindeer lichens. However, the productivity of understory vegetation is probably comparable to that of the trees. We review recent research in the boreal forest of northern Sweden to highlight the ecological importance of understory vegetation, both in the short term by influencing tree seedling regeneration, and in the longer term by affecting belowground processes such as decomposition, nutrient flow, and buildup of soil nutrients. Wildfire resulting from lightning strike is a primary determinant of understory vegetation, and as such is a major driver of forest community and ecosystem properties. Forest management practices that alter the fire regime and the composition of understory vegetation may have long-term consequences for both conservation goals and commercial forest productivity.
URL: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1540-9295%282005%29003%5B0421%3AUVAAFE%5D2.0.CO%3B2
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Countries/Continents: Asia/Thailand
Notes: In Thai.
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Notes: English summary on p 39.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=/diederich/homepage&page=publ
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Abstract: The paper deals with new records of Lecanora rouxii (new to Luxembourg), Lepraria alpina (new to the checklist area of Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France), L. bergensis (new to France and continental Europe), L. borealis (new to France and Luxembourg), L. caesioalba (chemotypes I and II), L. neglecta (confirmed for Luxembourg) and L. sylvicola (new to France and continental Europe). The first fertile population of Lecanora rouxii is reported and illustrated. Specimens resembling Lepraria borealis, but containing additionally anthraquinones, are reported as L. aff. borealis.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/KukwaDiederichLepraria.pdf
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Abstract: During two subsequent international excursions in April 2006 and April 2007, 422 lichens and lichenicolous fungi were observed in relatively small areas of the Northern Eifel in Germany and the adjacent Ardennes in Belgium. Special attention was paid to old forest reserves. Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum is reported here as new to Germany. Cladonia cyathomorpha is reported for a second locality in Germany. A lichenicolous fungus on Lecanora muralis was identified as Stigmidium squamariae, which is a new record for Germany. The very conspicuous lichenicolous fungus Arborillus llimonae is a new record for Belgium.
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Keywords: LICHENS/ SAYANO-SHUSHENSKY BIOSPHERE RESERVE/ WEST SAYAN MOUNTAINS/ CETRELIA ALASKANA
Abstract: Cetrelia alaskana has been found for the first time in the West Sayan Mountains in the West Siberia. The distribution of the species is discussed.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
Notes: Includes new records of Sticta limbata, Collema subflaccidum, Leptogium asiaticum, Lobaria scrobiculata and Usnea longissima from the Altai Territory.
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
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Abstract: Studies on large and mainly recent collections of lichens and lichenicolous fungi led to the addition of 21 taxa to the flora of Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France: Absconditella trivialis, Arborillus llimonae, Arthrorhaphis muddii, Athelia salicum, Bacidia friesiana, B. pycnidiata, Belonia nidarosiensis, Cliostomum corrugatum, Collema fragile, Dactylospora athallina, Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta, Lecania chlorotiza, L. sordida, Lecidea promixta, Micarea lynceola, Polycoccum slaptoniense, Ramonia luteola, Sclerococcum griseisporodochium, Thelocarpon citrum, Unguiculariopsis lettaui and Verrucula helvetica. Another 15 additional taxa were found reported in recent publications: Burgoa angulosa, Fellhanera ochracea, Lecania belgica, Lecanora sinuosa, Lecidea grisella, Lepraria alpina, L. bergensis, L. neglecta, L. sylvicola, Lichenochora weillei, Microcalicium disseminatum, Minimedusa pubescens, Multiclavula vernalis, Phaeocalicium populneum and Polyblastia abscondita. Arthonia molendoi, Buelliella physciicola, Metamelanea caesiella, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Roselliniopsis groedensis and Zwackhiomyces martinatianus are newly reported for Belgium, Zwackhiomyces lithoiceae for Luxembourg and Buelliella physciicola for northern France.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/L11.pdf
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Abstract: From 2005 to 2007, an inventory of the lichen flora of the siliceous outcrops in the “Naturpark Obersauer” (Luxembourg, Ardenne) was undertaken by the first author. A total of 197 taxa were recorded. The lichenicolous fungi Carbonea supersparsa, Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca, Sphaerellothecium araneosum and S. parmeliae are new for the area covered by the checklist of Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France. New for Luxembourg are Bacidia trachona, Baeomyces rufus var. callianthus, Cercidospora epipolytropa, Lecanora rupicola subsp. subplanata, L. soralifera, Mycoporellum sacromontanum, Pertusaria pseudocorallina, Pyrrhospora rubiginans and Roselliniella microthelia.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/KubornDiederich.pdf
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Keywords: LICHENS/ METALLIFEROUS/ ASSOCIATION/ EPILITES/ METAL TOLERANCE
Abstract: In the abandoned pyrite schist workings near the village of Wieściszowice in the Rudawy Janowickie Mountains, Acarosporetum sinopicae Hil. and Lecanoretum epanorae Wirth lichen communities have been found, previously not reported in Poland. The occurrence of Acarospora sinopica (Wahlenb. in Ach.) Körb. and Rhizocarpon oederi (Weber) Körber, lichen species regarded as extinct in Poland and other ferrophilous species, including Lecanora epanora (Ach.) Ach. and L. handelii J. Steiner, previously not reported in Poland, have been confirmed.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Poland
URL: http://www.eq.umk.pl/images/articles/vol9/eq9_2008_57-61.pdf
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Keywords: BIATORA BRITANNICA/ XANTHORIA WEBERI
Abstract: Forty-six lichen species and one variety are reported for the first time from the Azores. All were collected during a one-week field course on Terceira and include the first record of Biatora britannica outside Britain, and a record of Xanthoria weberi bridging the gap between the disjunct areas it has been reported from, viz. America and northern Europe. Xanthoria weberi is a new combination.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Portugal
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Keywords: TAXONOMY/ LICHENIZED FUNGI/ KEY/ ASIA
Abstract: The lichen genus Crustospathula is discussed. One new species, C. macrocarpa, is described from the Philippines. A probably further additional species from French Guiana is left undescribed as it is sterile and its affiliation can not be ascertained.
Countries/Continents: Philippines/Asia
Notes: New: Crustospathula macrocarpa Aptroot & Schumm.
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Abstract: Two new lichenicolous hyphomycete species are described, viz. Ramichloridium cladoniicola on Cladonia portentosa and C. stygia from Denmark and Verrucocladosporium roccellae on Roccella boergesenii from the Canary Islands. Furthermore, a sterile (mycelial) capnodialean hyphomycete on Cladonia sp. in Switzerland and Parmelina tiliacea in Turkey is morphologically characterised, illustrated and discussed, but not formally described as new species
Notes: New: Ramichloridium cladoniicola U.Braun & Heuchert (on Cladonia stygia from Denmark), Verrucocladosporium roccellae U.Braun, Diederich & Heuchert (on Roccella boergesenii, from Canary Islands).
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/14%20Braun-et-al-txt.pdf
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Poland
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Abstract: The rarely collected, at least facultative fungicolous Acremonium hypholomatis was previously known only from Sumatra and New Guinea. It is here reported from Germany, where it parasitized thalli of the lichen Physcia stellaris.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/097-100%20Diederich%20&%20Braun%20Acremonium.pdf
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Abstract: Studies on large and mainly recent collections of lichens and lichenicolous fungi led to the addition of 19 taxa to the flora of Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France: Buelliella poetschii, Caloplaca arcis, C. coralliza, C. dichroa, C. oasis, C. pyracea, Gyalecta derivata, Lemmopsis pelodes, Lepraria ecorticata, Leptogium aragonii, L. pulvinatum, Leptorhaphis laricis, Minutoexcipula tephromelae, Monodictys epilepraria, Phoma grumantiana, Polyblastia gothica, Ramalina canariensis, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae and Vouauxiella verrucosa. Another 22 additional taxa are reported in recent publications: Acarospora rufescens, Arrhenia peltigerina, Bacidia caesiovirens, B. subfuscula, B. sulphurella, Caloplaca itiana, C. ulcerosa, Carbonea supersparsa, Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca, Endohyalina insularis, Lecanora helicopis, L. sarcopidoides, L. subsaligna, Lepraria zeorinica, Lichenochora paucispora, Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum, Physcia tribacioides, Sphaerellothecium araneosum, S. parmeliae, Strigula sychnogonoides, Verrucaria polysticta and V. xyloxena. The following species have to be deleted from the checklist: Acarospora smaragdula, Caloplaca britannica, C. lithophila, Lecanora albellula (syn. L. piniperda), Lepraria leuckertiana, Lichenochora inconspicua and Parmotrema stuppeum. Abrothallus acetabuli, Lepraria jackii, Phaeosporobolus usneae, Telogalla olivieri and Usnea flammea are newly reported for Belgium, and Chaenotheca brachypoda, C. hispidula, Fellhanera viridisorediata, Lepraria sylvicola, Leptorhaphis epidermidis, Lichenoconium pyxidatae, Tubeufia heterodermiae and Verrucaria hegetschweileri for Luxembourg.
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/L12.pdf
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Abstract: The new lichenicolous species Zwackhiomyces namibiensis is described on Psorotichia cf. schaereri from Namibia and is compared with the similar Z. berengerianus and Z. dispersus.
Notes: New: Zwackhiomyces namibiensis Diederich & M.Schultz (on Psorotichia from Namibia).
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/15%20Diederich&Schultz-txt.pdf
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Abstract: The new Arthonia protoparmeliopseos is described from the apothecia and thallus of Protoparmeliopsis muralis in Spain and Luxembourg. It has relatively large, blackish ascomata, and 2- or 3-septate ascospores, and is compared with the other known lichenicolous Arthonia species with pluriseptate ascospores
Notes: New: Arthonia protoparmeliopseos Etayo & Diederich (on Protoparmeliopsis [Lecanora] muralis from Spain and Luxembourg).
URL: http://www.lichenology.info/pdf/093-096%20EtayoDiederichArthonia.pdf
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Notes: In Russian with English title.
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Notes: In Farsi with cover title in English
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Abstract: Caloplaca holocarpa on oak at the Sint-Pietersberg (2003) appears to be Caloplaca pyracea Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. was found on oak at the Sint-Pietersberg (Maastricht) in 2003. It is new to The Netherlands.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Netherlands
URL: http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/download?type=document&docid=507708
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Keywords: LICHENS/ DRY SAND GRASSLANDS/ EUTROPHICATION/ TORUN
Abstract: The present paper aims at describing the biota of lichens of the Zadroże Dune and its adjacent area in Toruń. The research on lichens was conducted during the years 2005–2006. The data on lichens come from my own research and literature. Altogether, the occurrence of 82 lichen taxa was recorded in the investigated area, including 74 species recorded during my own research. due to the availability of habitats and substrata, terricolous species dominate here, mainly from the genus Cladonia and Cetraria. Particularly noteworthy are rare, endangered and protected species from this area e.g. Peltigera canina, Polyblastia agraria, Rinodina conradii and Stereocaulon condensatum.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Poland
Notes: 82 taxa are reported.
URL: http://www.eq.umk.pl/images/articles/vol12/eq12_2010_51-58.pdf
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Keywords: CARBACANTHOGRAPHIS/ DIORYGMA/ DYPLOLABIA/ ECUADOR/ FISSURINA/ GLYPHIS/ GRAPHIS/ IDENTIFICATION KE/ LEIORREUMA/ PHAEOGRAPHIS/ SARCOGRAPHA/ THALLOLOMA
Abstract: As part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of the Galapagos lichen flora, all species in the Graphidaceae from the archipelago have been revised using both historic and recent collections. A total of forty-two species is reported here, of which thirty-four were previously unknown from the archipelago and two are described as new to science: Graphis pedunculata, and Phaeographis striata. The new combinations Carbacanthographis saxiseda, Carbacanthographis saxorum and Phaeographis major are made. Four previously reported species are based on misidentifications and thus removed from the checklist. Detailed descriptions are presented that include diagnostic characteristics to distinguish similar species. An identification key to all Galapagos Graphidaceae is provided and a preliminary assessment discusses known distribution and ecology for each of the species. Principal components analysis was used to assess ecology for thirty-nine species.
Countries/Continents: South America/Ecuador
Notes: New: Carbacanthographis saxiseda (Zahlbr.) Bungartz (≡ Graphina saxiseda Zahlbr.), Carbacanthographis saxorum (Egea & Torrente) Lücking & Bungartz (≡ Graphis saxorum Egea & Torrente), Graphis pedunculata Bungartz & Aptroot (from Ecuador), Phaeographis major (Kremp.) Lücking (≡Lecanactis sericea var. major Kremp.), Phaeographis striata Bungartz (from Ecuador).
URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/novh/2010/00000090/f0020001/art00001
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Keywords: PALABRAS CLAVE/ ASCOMYCETES LIQUENIZADOS/ COCCOCARPIACEAE/ SUDAMÉRICA
Abstract: Abstract In this paper Coccocarpia tomentosa, from Misiones, Argentina, is described and illustrated. Comments on five related species also known from Paraguay and Brazil are included. The known distribution of C. pellita is extended and it is cited for the first time from Argentina. Palabras clave Ascomycetes liquenizados Coccocarpiaceae Sudamérica Resumen En este trabajo se describe e ilustra Coccocarpia tomentosa, coleccionada en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Se incluyen comentarios sobre otras cinco especies Sudamericanas del género, registradas para Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil. Para C. pellita se amplía el área de distribución conocida ya que se registra por primera vez para Argentina.
Notes: New: Coccocarpia tomentosa L.I. Ferraro & Aptroot (from Argentina).
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12228-009-9119-3
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Keywords: MAPPING LICHEN DIVERSITY/ DECIDUOUS TREES/ AIR POLLUTION/ TRAFFIC INTENSITY/ EPIPHYTIC LICHENS/ SOUTH BOHEMIA
Abstract: Diversity of epiphytic lichens growing on trees with high (European ash, Norway maple) and low (sycamore) bark buffer capacity against acidification was assessed along motorways with different traffic intensities in the Novohradské Mountains, Czech Republic, to test the effect of traffic flow on the lichen richness. Twenty five plots were classified into four classes with low, moderate and moderate to high diversity according to the lichen diversity index. Lichen frequency was significantly correlated with five factors (CCA, CANOCO). Main factors influencing lichen diversity were climatic, microclimatic, geographical, and substrate conditions rather than traffic intensity. Nevertheless, the traffic flow influenced significantly and positively the richness of lichens growing on trunks towards roads for European ashes. Probably, bark pH increased due to vehicle-related compounds and supported the progress of neutrophytic and nitrophytic lichens. The occurrence of acidophytic lichens in all plots indicated a decreased bark pH in relation to the previous acid regime. However, neutrophytic and nitrophytic species prevailed in these plots. Parmelia sulcata and Amandinea punctata were the commonest species. Therefore, the lichen community studied reflects contemporary conditions of eutrophication, which is indicated by an increasing number of nitrophytic lichens, rather than by acidification.
URL: http://freepdfs.net/does-the-traffic-flow-affect-the-lichen-diversity-a-case-study-from-the/5e98b1f05d4d4ca4544ed49cc66054ce/
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Keywords: LICHENIZED FUNGI/ EIFEL/ RHINELAND-PALATINATE/ LOWER SAXONY
Abstract: Details are provided for two recent records of Ramalina calicaris in Germany from Borkum, East Frisian Islands (Lower Saxony) and Gerolstein, Eifel (Rheinland-Pfalz).
Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.13158/heia.24.1.2011.147
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Keywords: CLIMATE/ VEGETATION/ LANDSCAPES/ CALENDAR OF NATURE/ PHENOLOGY.
Abstract: Summary data on the natural condition of the Tigirek reserve as well as the results of phenological observations are presented. Maps of vegetation and landscapes are provided in addition to scheme of the territory.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
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Keywords: BIOGEOGRAPHY/ UMBILICARIA/ LASALLIA/ NEW RECORDS/ LECTOTYPE
Abstract: Two species of Lasallia and 14 of Umbilicaria with one additional variety are reported from the Kamchatka Peninsula. Of these, Lasallia pennsylvanica, Umbilicaria aprina, U. cinereorufescens, U. decussata, U. hirsuta, U. hyperborea var. radicicula and U. rigida are new for the Kamchatka Peninsula. Previous reports of Umbilicaria formosana, U. leiocarpa, U. muehlenbergii, U. polyphylla, U. spodochroa and U. virginis are considered to be doubtful for Kamchatka. The lectotype of Gyrophora hyperborea f. sublaevigata Savicz was designated.
Genera/Families: Umbilicaria
Countries/Continents: Asia/Russia
Notes: Gyrophora hyperborea f. sublaevigata Savicz is lectotypified.
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Keywords: LICHEN/ LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTA/ LICHEN FLORA/ ASIA/ ALTAI STRICT NATURE RESERVE.
Abstract: The annotated list including 350 lichen taxa from 347 species of 112 genera and 38 family, as well as 6 species of lichenicolous fungy from 6 genera and one species of saprophytic micromycet are presented. The data on substrate and ecotope as well as on distriburion within the preserved area are included. Nine species reported previously were re-identified and excluded from the lichen biota list.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
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Abstract: A glycosylated arginase acting as a fungal lectin from Peltigera canina is able to produce recruitment of cyanobiont Nostoc cells and their adhesion to the hyphal surface. This implies that the cyanobiont would develop organelles to motility towards the chemoattractant. However when visualized by transmission electron microscopy, Nostoc cells recently isolated from P. canina thallus do not reveal any motile, superficial organelles, although their surface was covered by small spindles and serrated layer related to gliding. The use of S-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea, blebbistatin, phalloidin and latrunculin A provide circumstantial evidence that actin microfilaments rather than MreB, the actin-like protein from prokaryota, and, probably, an ATPase which develops contractile function similar to that of myosin II, are involved in cell motility. These experimental facts, the absence of superficial elements (fimbriae, pili or flagellum) related to cell movement, and the appearance of sunken cells during of after movement verified by scanning electron microscopy, support the hypothesis that the motility of lichen cyanobionts could be achieved by contraction-relaxation episodes of the cytoskeleton induced by fungal lectin act as a chemoattractant.
URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/psb.6.10.16687
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Keywords: FRIEDHÖFE/ LANDESHAUPTSTADT/ DRESDEN/ ENTWICKLUNG
Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Spain
Notes: Summary of the lichens on gypsum outcrops of the Iberian Peninsula
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
Notes: "In most raised bogs that recovered to grow from a dry state in the 1970s, the lichen group of Cladonia rangiferina, C. sylvatica, C. arbuscula is nearly extinct."
URL: https://www.lfu.bayern.de/natur/moorschutz/doc/hochmoore_chiemgau.pdf
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Abstract: Community analyses of epiphytic lichens were used to study the controlling factors of lichen abundance and diversity in urban and rural environments of Pittsburgh in southwestern Pennsylvania. Two urban sites included Schenley and Frick Parks in metropolitan Pittsburgh and two rural sites at Mingo Creek County Park in Washington County and Roaring Runs Natural Area in Westmoreland County. Community composition of lichens was measured at six intensive monitoring plots per site and site-wide species diversity surveys. The lichen diversity value, a statistical estimator of the environmental conditions at a site, was greater at the rural sites (20.8 ± 3.0) compared to the urban sites (11.3 ± 3.5) (± standard error), suggesting a less disturbed lichen community at Mingo and Roaring Runs. In the intensive monitoring plots, species richness was greater at Mingo and Roaring Runs compared to Schenley and Frick, averaging 5.2 ± 0.3, 4.7 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ± 0.4, respectively. The dominant lichens across all sites were Lepraria lobificans, an unidentified sterile crustose lichen and Cladonia ochrochlora. The dominance of nitrophilous and sulfur dioxide–tolerant lichens at all sites suggests that the lichen community within the larger geographical region is influenced by nitrogen and sulfur dioxide air pollutants. The differences between sampling sites are most likely driven by lichens responding to changes in urbanization, which include humidity and habitat fragmentation.
Countries/Continents: North America/U.S.A.
URL: http://www.opdyke-environlab.com/resources/PAS%20lichen%20publication_2011.pdf
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Countries/Continents: Asia/India
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Abstract: Ziel der Untersuchung in 2011 war eine Nacherhebung der Flechtenvegetation an drei Wald-Dauerbeobachtungsflächen (Wald-DBF). An der Wald-DBF Karlsruhe- Hardtwald wurden im Sommer 2011 die epiphytischen Flechten aufgenommen und die Ergebnisse in den Datensatz von 30 bereits 2009 untersuchten Wald-DBF integriert. Für die beiden anderen Wald-DBF Aalen und Schönau mussten zwischenzeitlich Ersatzwaldflächen ausgewiesen werden. An diesen beiden neuen Wald-DBF wurde 2011 die Flechtenvegetation erstmals aufgenommen und die Daten der alten und neuen Flächen miteinander verglichen.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
URL: http://www.fachdokumente.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/102190/?COMMAND=DisplayBericht&FIS=91063&OBJECT=102190&MODE=METADATA
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Abstract: As a result of lichenological exploration in the province Ardahan of Turkey, we report 349 taxa of lichenized, 9 of lichenicolous and 1 of non-lichenized fungi (including 7 subspecies and 6 varieties), representing 100 genera in the Ascomycota. Chaenothecopsis pusilla, Cladonia scabriuscula, Lecanora caesiosora, Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica, Lecanora hybocarpa and Ramalina lacera are new to Turkey. All encountered taxa are new records for Ardahan province. Localities where taxa were collected and substrata are presented.
URL: http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/Yazici-v116-checklist.pdf
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Spain
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Abstract: The recently described lichen species Candelaria pacifica has been found at some sites in Aachen (North Rhine-Westphalia/Germany) and neighboring areas of Belgium and the Netherlands. The species is new at least for Germany. An isolated occurrence of the arctic-antarctic lichen Xanthomendoza borealis (= Xanthoria borealis) was found in the north-western Eifel Mountains (North Rhine-Westphalia/Germany) and appears to be the first record in Central Europe
Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
URL: http://www.botanik-bochum.de/publ/OVBBV4_1_Bomble_Candelaria_pacifica_Xanthomendoza_borealis.pdf
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Keywords: COMPETITOR/ MORPHOLOGY INDEX/ RUDERAL/ STRESS-TOLERATOR
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Abstract: Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vézda es citada por primera vez para la flora criptogámica chilena. El material utilizado fue recolectado en el sector Ocoa en el Parque Nacional La Campana, en la zona central de Chile. La morfología, anatomía y química fueron revisadas y se entrega una descripción del material encontrado, su hábitat y distribución
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Countries/Continents: North America/U.S.A.
Notes: Lists a few lichens from this rare vegetation type.
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Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
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Keywords: CEPHALOLICHENS/ CHLOROLICHENS/ CYANOLICHENS/ DESICCATION TOLERANCE/ EPIPHYTES/ HYDRATION REGIME/ LIGHT TOLERANCE/ NOSTOC
Abstract: •Desiccation tolerance was quantified in four cyanolichens (Lobaria hallii, Lobaria retigera, Lobaria scrobiculata, Pseudocyphellaria anomala), one cephalolichen (Lobaria pulmonaria) and one chlorolichen (Platismatia glauca) from xeric and mesic, open and closed North American boreal forests. •These sympatric epiphytes were exposed to 0%, 33%, 55% and 75% relative humidity with or without medium light (200 μmol m−2 s−1) for 7 d. Permanent and temporary photoinhibitory damage was recorded as viability measures. •All species tolerated well the drying in darkness, but L. hallii and L. retigera, associated with a very humid climate, showed minor damage at the hardest drying (silica gel). Simultaneous exposure to medium light severely aggravated the drying damage at all relative humidity levels. Combined drying–light exposure was particularly devastating for the widespread chloro- and cephalolichens, whereas cyanolichens, including rare old forest species, were fairly resistant. •The ability to recover after combined drying–light stress (this study) correlated positively with increasing species-specific water holding capacities (from the literature). Cyanolichens, depending on liquid water and large internal water storage, probably require strong drying–light resistance to handle long periods between hydration events, whereas chlorolichens can regularly maintain their photosynthetic apparatus during frequent and rapid activation by humid air on clear mornings.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04221.x/abstract
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Keywords: ASCOMYCOTA/ EPIGAEIC/ LICHENIZED FUNGI/ MEGASPORA VERRUCOSA COMMUNITY/ PHYLOGENY/ ITS/ PHYSCIACEAE/ SPECIES PAIR
Notes: New: Rinodina candidogrisea Hafellner, Muggia & Obermayer (from Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland).
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Keywords: CETRARIA/ CETRARIOID LICHENS/ LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI/ DNA ANALYSES/ MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY/ ECOLOGICAL CORRELATION
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Keywords: ARCTIC/ CLIMATE CHANGE/ DISTRIBUTION TYPES/ ECOLOGY/ LICHENIZED ASCOMYCETES
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URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1639/007-2745-115.3.465
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-115.4.626
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Abstract: Contents: Introduction. 1. Materials and methods. 2. Presentation of flora. 3. Summary and discussion. Systematic treatment. References. Index. The Lichen Flora of Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal deals with the systematic account of 167 species under 56 genera and 25 families supported by 4 maps, 159 colour photographs and 67 text figures. This includes 9 new species, 2 new generic and 28 specific records for India published during the course of investigation. In addition to lichens, five non-lichenized and one lichenicolous Ascomycetes taxa, which resemble as lichens are also dealt at the end of systematic treatment. It is the first comprehensive account of lichens from a fragile mangrove reserve as well as a protected area in the country. Keys to the families genera and species are also provided in order to facilitate their identification. The genera under each family and species under each genus is arranged alphabetically. Taxonomic description of each species is followed by a comparative discussion of their allied species, distribution in the world as well as in India and specimen citation.
Countries/Continents: Asia/India
Notes: New: Pertusaria sunderbanensis Jagadeesh & G.P. Sinha. New synonymys: Opegrapha bengalensis Upreti & Ajay Singh = Hysterium pulicare Pers. ex Fr., Parmentaria mamillata Ajay Signh = Pyrenula astroidea (Fee) R.C.Harris, Pyrenula subacutalis Upreti = P. acutalis R.C. Harris.
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Keywords: COLLEMA/ ECUADOR/ PARAMO/ RARITY
Notes: New: Collema paramense P.M. Jørg. & Palice (from Ecuador).
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Abstract: Leiorreuma yakushimense (M. Nakan.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw. and Siphula decumbens Nyl. were found in Yakushima Island, southern Japan. This becomes the second finding in 50 years after collection of the type specimen in 1963. S. decumbens, a species thought to have been extinct in Japan, was rediscovered on the trunk base of old growth Cryptomeria japonica.
Countries/Continents: Asia/Japan
URL: https://www.tsumura.co.jp/english/kampo/plant/087/087_06.html#p408
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Keywords: CAMPYLOPUS INTROFLEXUS/ CHRONOSEQUENCE/ CLADONIA/ DRY GRASSLANDS/ MANAGEMENT/ NITROGEN DEPOSITION
Abstract: Between 1996 and 2006 the vegetation succession in drift sands and in blown-out gravel-rich depressions, located in the nature reserve Hulshorsterzand in the central Netherlands, was studied. Within this Natura 2000 habitat (type 2330: inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands) so-called lichen steppes are included, famous for their biodiversity, both in flora (cryptogams), and in fauna. With multivariate analysis, the relation between the primary succession, the species composition of the vegetation and the soil quality was studied in three different biotopes i.e. 1. drift sand, 2. blown out gravel-rich depressions and 3. drift sand after management. With a total of up to 34 species, lichen diversity in the study area appeared to be high. Biotope 1, i.e. the pioneer vegetation with Corynephorus canescens on blowing sand, is rather scarce in lichens. Between 1996 and 2006 green algae, C. canescens and Polytrichum piliferum appeared, with the result that much of the former open drift sand area was covered by pioneer stages of the Spergulo-Corynephoretum. If sand stopped blowing in, a combination of P. piliferum with the neophyte Campylopus introflexus occurred. The terminal stages of lichen succession on drift sand, a vegetation with mainly Festuca ovina s.l., Deschampsia flexuosa and reindeer lichens (Cladonia subgen. Cladina), proved to be rather stable. Since 1996 the lichen steppes occurring in biotope 2 were increasingly grass-encroached. Where some sand was still blowing in, lichen diversity did not change much, but gradually C. introflexus increased. However, without sand blowing in, a decreasing lichen cover and loss of some Red List lichens occurred. In general, in this grass-rich vegetation Calluna vulgaris will germinate and gradually a dry heath might develop. However, where dynamics had stopped and Pinus sylvestris seedlings established, succession to a young forest started. Vegetation change from open sand to lichen-rich vegetation is clearly related to a decrease in pH, an increase in organic matter, in % total N and in % total P. The lichen composition is clearly related to this gradient. The applied restoration measures on steep sand dunes in the eastern area, both of cutting pine trees and removing topsoil down to the mineral soil layer, proved to be successful. The sand kept drifting and the pioneer community thriving, including the lichen Stereocaulon condensatum characteristic of pioneer conditions, while the neophytic moss hardly increased between 1996 and 2006.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Netherlands
URL: http://tuexenia.de.ds0201.hostingschmie.de/fileadmin/website/downloads/Tuexenia32/12_Ketner-Oostra_245-268.pdf
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Notes: In Russian with English title.
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Keywords: ASCOMYCOTA/ OSTROPOMYCETIDAE/ ARCTOMIACEAE/ ARCTOMIA/ PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCES/ NULSU/ MTSSU/ RPB1/ REUNION/ MASCARENE ARCHIPELAGO
Abstract: Arctomia borbonica sp. nov. is described as new for science from montane natural and secondary habitats in Reunion in the Mascarene archipelago (Indian Ocean). It has a sterile, foliose, usually wrinkled, thallus whose margins produce goniocysts that disintegrate into a soredioid margin; it looks like a Leptogium species. Its phylogenetic position in the Arctomiaceae (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota) has been determined with 3 genes (nuLSU, mtSSU, RPB1) inferences.
Genera/Families: Arctomia
Notes: New: Arctomia borbonica Magain & Sérus. (from Reunion).
URL: http://mycokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1188
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URL: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/BRYOLOGIST-D-12-00045.1
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Keywords: KARNATAKA/ KERALA/ LOBARIA/ PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA/ STICTA/ TAMIL NADU
Abstract: The lichen family Lobariaceae has 34 species represented in India. In this paper six new records are reported for the first time from different states of the Western Ghats: Lobaria adscripta (Nyl.) Hue, L. fuscotomentosa Yoshim, Pseudocyphellaria argyracea (Bory ex Delise) Vain, P. aurata (Sm. Ex. Ach.) Vain., P. crocata (L.) Vain. and Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. Of these, two are new records to Kerala, one new record to Karnataka, one to Kerala and Tamil Nadu each and Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. as new record to India (Tamil Nadu).
Countries/Continents: Asia/India
URL: http://mycosphere.org/pdfs/MC3_4_No6.pdf
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Keywords: LICHEN TAXONOMY/ CRYPTIC SPECIES/ SPECIES DELIMITATION/ CLADONIA
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/BRYOLOGIST-D-12-00044.1
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Keywords: APHANOPSIDACEAE/ LECANOROMYCETES/ LICHENS/ PHYLOGENY
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Keywords: BIOTIC SOIL CRUST/ LICHENS/ BRYOPHYTES/ SURVEYS/ CALCAREOUS SOILS/ SAGEBRUSH/ TEXOSPORIUM
Abstract: Arid lands of eastern Oregon and Washington support a great diversity of biotic soil crust organisms that are often overlooked in biotic inventories. Land managers are increasingly interested in incorporating these species in their surveys so that they can protect unique habitats and prevent uncommon species from becoming threatened. Current monitoring guidelines for rangeland health sometimes take into account the percent cover by soil crusts; however, there is very little guidance for surveying for uncommon species. Furthermore, because soil crust species and habitats are unfamiliar to most botanists, finding these species presents special challenges. We outline suggestions for future surveys with these goals
URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/documents2/inv-sp-li-biotic-soil-crust-columbia-basin-2012.pdf
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Keywords: LIFE STRATEGY/ CULTURE EXPERIMENTS/ COLONIZATION PROCESSES/ ADAPTIVE STRATEGY/ LIMESTONE LICHEN COMMUNITY
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Keywords: LICHENIZED FUNGI/ NEW RECORDS/ TAXONOMY
Abstract: Twenty nine species of lichens are reported on mangrove plants in the Andaman Islands. Fourteen species are new records to Andaman Islands, including five new records to India.
URL: http://mycosphere.org/pdfs/MC3_4_No11.pdf
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Keywords: LICHENIZED FUNGI/ DISTRIBUTION/ FOG EXPOSURE/ AIR POLLUTION/ CHEMICAL STRAINS
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Abstract: The functional roles of secondary lichen compounds are reviewed with focus on sun-screening and herbivore-deterring functions. Hypotheses on ecological functions can be tested because lichen compounds can nondestructively be extracted from air-dry lichens with 100% acetone. Substantial evidence supports a sun-screening function of cortical compounds. They screen solar radiation by absorptance (parietin, melanins) or by reflectance (atranorin). Their concentration correlates with light exposure and they protect the photobiont against excessive visible light. UV-B induces the formation of parietin, usnic acid, and melanins; the synthesis of the two first compounds has been shown to be boosted by photosynthates. The numerous extractable medullary lichen compounds hardly function as sun-screens. Some of these carbon-based compounds deter generalist herbivores, particularly in lichens in oligotrophic sites. Lichens in nitrogen-rich sites often deter grazing animals as efficient as those from oligotrophic sites despite low contents of lichen compounds. Acetone rinsing of nitrophytic lichens does not lead to increased grazing, meaning that their defense remains to be described. Thanks to grazing experiments using acetone rinsing, there is now solid support for the optimal defense theory in lichen–herbivore interactions. Recent studies have shown that lichen-feeding gastropods can shape epiphytic lichen communities.
URL: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_11
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Notes: New: Caloplaca magellanica Søchting & Sancho (from Chile).
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Keywords: BIOMONITORING/ LICHEN/ AIR POLLUTANTS/ TRAFFIC/ URBAN CLIMATE/ GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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Keywords: ECOLOGY/ FIRE/ BUSHFIRE/ LICHEN/ AUSTRALASIA/ SECONDARY METABOLITES
Countries/Continents: Australia
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Keywords: LICHENIZED BASIDIOMYCOTA/ NEOTROPICS/ THALLUS MORPHOLOGY
Abstract: Many of the species living on our planet remain undiscovered, among these over one million Fungi. One approach to account for undescribed species is the search in unusual habitats. Here we report on the unexpected finding of a new species of Lepidostroma (Atheliales: Lepidostromataceae) from the semi-arid Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil. It is only the fifth species of this enigmatic genus and only the third from the Neotropics, and the fourth species to be described within the past four years. DNA was extracted and the ITS and nuLSU partitions of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was computed under a maximum likelihood framework using an alignment of selected Basidiomycota (Atheliales, Agaricales, Boletales, Russulales, Cantharellales). The new species differs from other species in the genus by the crustose rather than squamulose thallus. Molecular sequence data place the species as unsupported sister to Lepidostroma akagerae. The crustose thallus resembles that of Multiclavula species, which are phylogenetically unrelated. This study underlines that novel lichenized Fungi can be discovered in unusual habitats. The Caatinga vegetation is to a large extent threatened by habitat destruction and the discovery of such an unusual species underlines the importance of this unique biome for conserving diversity in tropical South America. Systematically, the new species is relevant because it represents the only species of Lepidostroma with a crustose, Multiclavula-like thallus, presenting a striking example of parallel evolution in lichenized Basidiomycota.
Genera/Families: Lepidostroma/Lepidostromataceae
Countries/Continents: South America/Brazil
Notes: New: Lepidostroma caatingae Sulzbacher & Lücking
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-115.4.601
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Keywords: ASCOMYCOTA/ ARTHONIACEAE/ ARTHONIALES/ ARTHONIOMYCETES/ NOMENCLATURE/ TAXONOMY
Notes: Allarthonia (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (≡ Arthonia subg. Allarthonia Nyl.; type A. caesiolivens Nyl.) placed in synonymy with Chrysothrix. Plearthonis Clem. (type newly selected: P. caesia (Flot.) Clem.) placed in synonymy with Chrysothrix. Leprantha Dufour ex Körb. typified with L. cinereopruinosa (Schaer). Körb. Pachnolepia A. Massal. typified with P. impolita (Hoffm.) A. Massal. Pseudo-Arthonia Marchand typified with P. punctiformis (Ach.) Marchand.
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Notes: In Dutch.
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/BRYOLOGIST-D-12-00046.1
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Keywords: COX1/ RNPB/ HOMING ENDONUCLEASE/ LECANOROMYCETES/ TRNA ILE/ TRANSCRIPTOME
Abstract: Mitochondrial genomes from the fungal partners of two terricolous foliose lichen symbioses, Peltigera membranacea and Peltigera malacea, have been determined using metagenomic approaches, including RNA-seq. The roughly 63 kb genomes show all the major features found in other Pezizomycotina, such as unidirectional transcription, 14 conserved protein genes, genes for the two subunit rRNAs and for a set of 26 tRNAs used in translating the 62 amino acid codons. In one of the tRNAs a CAU anticodon is proposed to be modified, via the action of the nuclear-encoded enzyme, tRNA Ile lysidine synthase, so that it recognizes the codon AUA (Ile) instead of AUG (Met). The overall arrangements and sequences of the two circular genomes are similar, the major difference being the inversion and deterioration of a gene encoding a type B DNA polymerase. Both genomes encode the RNA component of RNAse P, a feature seldom found in ascomycetes. The difference in genome size from the minimal ascomycete mitochondrial genomes is largely due to 17 and 20 group I introns, respectively, most associated with homing endonucleases and all found within protein-coding genes and the gene encoding the large subunit rRNA. One new intron insertion point was found, and an unusually small exon of seven nucleotides (nt) was identified and verified by RNA sequencing. Comparative analysis of mitochondrion-encoded proteins places the Peltigera spp., representatives of the class Lecanoromycetes, close to Leotiomycetes, Dothidiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes, in contrast to phylogenies found using nuclear genes.
Genera/Families: Peltigera
Notes: Annotated genome and transcriptome from mitochondria of Peltigera membranacea and P. malacea.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614612000840
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Keywords: CORTICOLOUS LICHENS/ EUTROPHICATION/ HERONRY/ WIRTH'S INDICATORS
Abstract: Bird colonies affect all elements of inhabited ecosystems, such as the soil, floristic composition and phytocoenosis structure, including the lichen biota. To date, the few papers focusing on changes in the composition of lichen vegetation caused by bird colonies are concerned with saxicolous ornithocoprophilous communities. The aim of this study was to define the impact of the grey heron in two breeding colonies on epiphytic lichens on Scots pines presently inhabited by birds, as well as those recently abandoned. Analysis of the lichen biota showed that the species composition and number of lichens were significantly modified in the functioning colony and the post-colony areas when compared with the control plots never inhabited by grey heron. Within the functioning and post-colony areas, mainly species with a wide ecological amplitude and those characteristic of fertile habitats dominated, while acidophilous and ubiquitous taxa occurred in the control plots. Multivariate analyses (for species abundance and ecological characteristics) showed that lichens growing within the functioning colony and post-colony areas differed significantly from those in the control area in their habitat requirements, as they demanded nutrient-rich, low or moderately moist and deacidified bark. Within the control plots, lichens preferring a relatively acidic and slightly nitrified substratum occurred. The direct impact of bird excrement and the fertilized bark could cause significant modifications in qualitative and quantitative species composition compared to the epiphytic lichen biota usually occurring on Scots pines.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000558
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GET NEXT 100 RECORDS
Number of hits shown/total: 100/1005.
Number of records in database: 54590.
Current date: 2026.03.02.OK