Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS/ MICROCLIMATE/ RAMALINA/ USNEA/ GROWTH/ ECOLOGY/ WATER RELATIONS/ OWN
Abstract: 1 table. 5 figures. [Lichen distribution on coastal rocks on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, was correlated with variations in thallus hydration in Ramalina terebrata and Usnea fasciata. Exposures favorable to fog had much richer lichen abundance and diversity although the temperatures were cooler in these northwest and west rock slopes.]
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ RAMALINA/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract: 3 figures. [Study on Ramalina terebrata in the maritime Antarctic for a one month period.]
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Keywords: RAMALINA/ USNEA/ WATER RELATIONS/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ HIMANTORMIA/ ANTARCTIC/ COMPETITION
Abstract: 2 tables. 14 figures. [Study on Ramalina terebrata, Usnea fasciata and Himantormia lugubris. Authors postulate that the prostrate growth form of U. fasciata is degraded as a result of bryophyte competition. "All lichens were capable of absorbing water from a saturated atmosphere."]
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Abstract: The following lichens have been analysed for steroids and nortriterpenoids by GCI MS : Evernia mesomorpha, Lecanora stenotropa, Leptogium saturninum, Nephroma he/veticum, Parmelia omphalodes, Ramalina terebrata, Rhizoplaea ehrysoleuea, Umbilicaria deellssata, and Usnea antarctica. Fourteen steroids and three nortriterpenoids have been found.
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ RAMALINA/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CO2 EXCHANGE/ WATER RELATIONS
Abstract: 6 figures. ["Continuous measurements of light, temperature and thallus water content at the natural habitat during December 1984 were used to calculate the daily courses of CO2 exchange of R. terebrata by means of the models. As a result, the mean carbon production in this Antarctic summer month was found to be remarkably high. A relatively high growth rate seems to be indicated also by 14C-age analyses in fruticose lichens of the maritime Antarctic botanical zone."]
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Keywords: ANTARCTICA/ BRIALMONTIN/ CHEMICAL ANALYSES
Abstract: 3 fig. 1 tab. [Macroextraction and analysis of seventeen species: Buellia cladocarpiza, Catillaria corymbosa, Cornicularia aculeata, Lecanora atra, Lecania brialmontii, Ochrolechia antarctica, O. frigida, Parmelia saxatilis, Pannaria hookeri, Psoroma tenue, P. hypnorum, Placopsis contortuplicata, Ramalina terebrata, Rhizoplaca aspidophora, Sphaerophorus globosus, Stereocaulon alpinum, Umbilicaria antarctica.]
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Keywords: AGE/ ANTARCTIC/ RADIOCARBON DATING
Abstract: 4 fig. 3 tab. ["...the age of mature thalli of Caloplaca regalis, Ramalina terebrata and Usnea antarctica was determined to 32 years, while U. aurantiaco-atra and Himantormia lugubris gave an age of ca. 38 years and ca. 60 years, respectively."]
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ ENZYME ACTIVITY/ ENZYMES/ UREASE/ WATER CONTENT
Abstract: 4 fig. ["Mastodia tesselata, Usnea aurantiaco-atra and Ramalina terebrata produce and secrete urease in response to exogenously supplied urea."]
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Keywords: ANTARCTICA/ OZONE/ OZONE DEPLETION/ USNIC/ UV ABSORPTION/ UV-B/ UV-B PROTECTION
Abstract: 1 fig. 1 tab. ["In Neuropogon aurantiaco-ater (Jacq.) I. M. Lamb and Ramalina terebrata Hook. et Tayl., collected in Antarctica over a period of 30 years, the highest concentrations of usnic acid were observed when ozone diminished to critical values."]
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Keywords: ANTIBACTERIAL/ HUMAN PATHOGENS/ MEDICINE/ ANTARCTIC/ RAMALINA/ CALOPLACA/ MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION/ STEREOCAULON/ LECANORA
Abstract: [Extracts of Stereocaulon alpinum, Ramalina terebrata, 2 Caloplaca species and a Lecanora species were used with Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.]
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Keywords: USNIC ACID DERIVATIVES/ BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS/ ANTARCTIC REGION/ BARTON PENINSULA/ KING GEORGE ISLAND
Abstract: ["Compounds 1-4 showed moderate inhibitory activity against therapeutically targeted protein tryosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)." However, in issue 71(7) of the journal, the lichen identification was corrected to be Ramalina terebrata!]
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Keywords: ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY/ ANTARCTICA/ POLAR LICHENS/ REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES/ TLC/ KING GEORGE ISLAND
Abstract: [Study using Stereocaulon alpinum, Ramalina terebrata, Caloplaca regalis, Caloplaca sp., Lecanora sp. from King George Island. Several strong antioxidants were identified.]
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Keywords: BULGARIA/ BEECH FORESTS/ BIODIVERSITY/ ANCIENT WOODLANDS/ DEAD WOOD/ EPIPHYTES
Abstract: In 2007 the epiphytic and epixylic lichen mycota of old beech forests in Bulgaria was investigated: 138 lichen species were found, of which 30 are reported as new to Bulgaria: Acrocordia cavata, Bacidia arceutina, B. incompta, B. neosquamulosa, Biatoridium monasteriense, Caloplaca lucifuga, Cetrelia monachorum, Chaenotheca brachypoda, C. chlorella, C. hispidula, Cladonia parasitica, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta, Lopadium disciforme, Megalaria grossa, Menegazzia terebrata, Micarea micrococca, M. prasina, Omphalina ericetorum, Opegrapha rufescens, O. vermicellifera, Pertusaria pustulata, Phaeocalicium polyporaeum, Placynthiella icmalea, Ramalina baltica, Rinodina efflorescens, Schismatomma decolorans, S. pericleum, Strigula stigmatella and Usnea esperantiana; several of these are rare in Europe: Caloplaca lucifuga, Cladonia parasitica, Megalaria grossa, Pertusaria pustulata and Strigula stigmatella. [Study of ancient woodlands revealed 138 lichen species, 30 new to Bulgaria.]
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ CCD-986SK/ CELL PROLIFERATION/ DERMAL FIBROBLASTS/ TYPE I PROCOLLAGEN/ USIMINE/ RAMALINA
Abstract: ["Recently, novel usimine compounds have been found in the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata. In the present study, usimine-C induced cell proliferation of human dermal fibroblast, CCD-986SK, up to 1.6-fold after treating with 90 μg/ml for 48 h."]
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Keywords: 1-DIPHENYL-2-PICRYL-HYDRAZIL (DPPH)/ ANTIOXIDANT/ RAMALINA TEREBRATA/ RAW264.7/ TYROSINASE
Abstract: Ramalin (?-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazide), a novel compound, was isolated from the methanol-water extract of the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata by several chromatographic methods. The molecular structure of ramalin was determined by spectroscopic analysis. The experimental data showed that ramalin was five times more potent than commercial butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in scavenging 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydazil (DPPH) free radicals, 27 times more potent in scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radicals (ABTS{radical dot}+) than the vitamin E analogue, trolox, and 2.5 times more potent than BHT in reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions. Similarly, ramalin was 1.2 times more potent than ascorbic acid in scavenging superoxide radicals and 1.25 times more potent than commercial kojic acid in inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity, which ultimately leads to whitening of skin cells. Ramalin showed no or very little cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte and fibroblast cells at its antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, ramalin was assessed to determine its antioxidant activity in vivo. One microgram per milliliter ramalin significantly reduced the released nitric oxide (NO) and 0.125 µg/ml ramalin reduced the produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated murine macrophage Raw264.7 cells. Considering all the data together, ramalin can be a strong therapeutic candidate for controlling oxidative stress in cells. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960694393&partnerID=40&md5=9ab651dbb9b468fa6a5111f0c43297b8
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC LICHENS/ BRYORIA FORSTERI/ CALOPLACA REGALIS/ CETRARIA ACULEATA/ MORPHOLOGY/ RAMALINA TEREBRATA/ SPHAEROPHORUS GLOBOSUS/ ULTRASTRUCTURE/ USNEA ANTARCTICA
Abstract: The paper describes anatomical and physiological features of photobionts and mycobionts in Bryoria forsteri Olech & Bystrek, Caloplaca regalis (Vain.) Zahlbr., Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr., Ramalina terebrata Hook f. & Taylor, Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. and Usnea antarctica Du Rietz, collected in the Antarctic under varied weather conditions. Green algae from the genera Lobosphaera and Trebouxia were gathered in depressions of the cortex under the more resistant mycobiont hyphae. In photobiont cells a large amount of highly osmiophilic electron-dense PAS-negative material, lipid-like in character, was of particular interest. Similar material also filled certain areas of the aerial apoplast. A star-shaped chromatophore with central and lateral pyrenoids encompassed most of the photobiont protoplast in all the studied species. Regularly arranged thylakoids with evenly widened lumina along their entire length and osmiophilic lipid droplets adhering to their outer surfaces were visible within the pyrenoid. Inside the chloroplast, large protein inclusions tightly joined with the thylakoids were observed. The mycobionts were closely attached to each other another and with the photobionts by means of an outer osmiophilic wall layer, and formed intramural haustoria. Their protoplasts were filled with PAS-positive polysaccharides and a large amount of lipid-like substances. The photobionts were physiologically active and produced a large amount of electron-dense osmiophilic material, and PAS-positive starch grains were visible around their pyrenoids in the thalli collected in different weather conditions. The permanent reserves of nutritive materials deposited in the thalli enable these organisms to quickly begin and continue indispensable physiological processes in the extreme Antarctic conditions. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jagiellonian University, Cracow 2012.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10182-012-0004-0
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Keywords: BIOGEOGRAPHY/ PHYTOGEOGRAPHY/ RARE SPECIES/ SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT/ OLD-GROWTH FORESTS/ FOREST
Abstract: The lichens of Prince Edward Island (PEI) are well known to have been inadequately sampled and not well understood. In this study, 19 biologically diverse forest remnants and other potentially rich localities were explored for their lichen vegetation, and 118 new county records and 71 species new for the province were discovered. Together with previously studied sites, 38 localities in total have now been surveyed. A new checklist based on these surveys was prepared for all the lichens of the island. In addition, conservation status (S-ranks) is proposed for 153 species of the 326 species in 118 genera now known for the province. Four species received a rank of S1 (critically imperiled): Anaptychia crinalis, Megaspora verrucosa, Pannaria lurida, and Sclerophora amabilis; and six species received a rank of S2 (imperiled): Acrocordia cavata, Bryoria salazinica, Heterodermia speciosa, Menegazzia terebrata, Pannaria rubiginosa, and Ramalina thrausta. The importance of baseline data for future conservation planning, pollution monitoring, and climate change studies is emphasized.
Countries/Continents: North America/Canada
URL: www.rhodorajournal.org/doi/abs/10.3119/15-12
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Keywords: INFLAMMATION/ PADI4/ RAMALIN/ TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR/ BIOMOLECULES/ CELL ADHESION/ CELL CULTURE/ CYTOLOGY/ DISEASES/ MOLECULES/ TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS/ ADHESION MOLECULES/ INFLAMMATION/ MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS/ PADI4/ RAMALIN/ REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES/ VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE-1/ VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS/ CELLS/ RAMALINA
Abstract: Cell adhesion molecules play a critical role in inflammatory processes and atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of ramalin, a chemical compound from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata, on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression induced by TNF- α in vascular smooth muscular cells (VSMCs). Pretreatment of VSMCs with ramalin (0.1-10 μg/mL) concentrationdependently inhibited TNF- α-induced VCAM-1 expression. Additionally, ramalin inhibited THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) cell adhesion to TNF- α-stimulated VSMCs. Ramalin suppressed TNF-α-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), PADI4 expression, and phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK. Moreover, ramalin inhibited TNF-α -induced translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. Inhibition of PADI4 expression by smallinterfering RNA or the PADI4-specific inhibitor markedly attenuated TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 and VCAM-1 expression in VSMCs. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying ramalin activity and suggests that ramalin may be a potential therapeutic agent to modulate infl ammation within atherosclerosis. © 2014 Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry.KW
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2014.991681
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Abstract: Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are largely dominated by lichens, while shallow coastal environments are mainly covered by macroalgae. The aim of this study was to isolate and to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in different species of macroalgae and lichens collected in South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. A total of 405 yeasts were recovered (205 from macroalgae and 200 from lichens). The yeast community from macroalgae was most diversity than the yeast community from lichen. The dominance index was similar for both substrates. A total of 24 taxa from macroalgae and 18 from lichens were identified, and only 5 were common to both substrates. Metschnikowia australis, Mrakia sp., Rhodotorula glacialis and Glaciozyma litorale were the most abundant yeasts in macroalgae and Cryptococcus victoriae, Rhodotorula laryngis, Rhodotorula arctica, Trichosporon sp. 1 and Mrakia sp. were the most abundant in lichens. Based on molecular and phylogenetic analyses, four yeast from macroalgae and six from lichens were considered potential new species. This is the first study to report the yeast communities from the Antarctic macroalgae Himantothallus grandifolius and lichen Ramalina terebrata. Results suggest that Antarctic phyco and lichensphere represent a huge substrate for cold-adapted yeasts and enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota from extreme environments.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-2229.12452/abstract
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Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that involves eczematous skin lesions with pruritic erythematous papules. In this study, we investigated the mitigating effects of ramalin, a component of the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata against AD in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of ramalin lessened scratching behaviors and significantly reduced both serum immunoglobulin E and IL-4 levels, and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in AD-induced Balb/c mice. In vitro, treatment with ramalin produced significantly less inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including TARC, MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-8 in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, ramalin inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Furthermore, ramalin treatment resulted in decreased production of β-hexosaminidase and proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in 2,4 dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells through blocking MAPK signaling pathways. The results suggest that ramalin modulates the production of immune mediators by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, ramalin effectively attenuated the development of AD and promoted the mitigating effects on Th2 cell-mediated immune responses and the production of inflammatory mediators in mast cells and keratinocytes. Thus, ramalin may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.5703/full
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Keywords: APOPTOSIS/ AUTOPHAGY/ BREAST CANCER CELLS/ RAMALIN
Abstract: Breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, is treated in various ways. Ramalin is a chemical compound derived from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata and is known to exhibit antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. However, its effect on breast cancer cells remains unknown. We examined the ability of ramalin to induce apoptosis and its mechanisms in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Ramalin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. By upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2, ramalin caused cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor to be released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, thus activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, activated caspase-8 and caspase-9 were detected in both types of cells exposed to ramalin, whereas ramalin activated caspase-3 only in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Ramalin treatment also increased the levels of LC3-II and p62. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or Atg5 siRNA significantly enhanced ramalin-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by a decrease in Bcl-2 levels and an increase in Bax levels. Therefore, autophagy appears to be activated as a protective mechanism against apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to ramalin. These findings suggest that ramalin is a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of patients with non-invasive or invasive breast cancer.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.5544/abstract
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Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and occurs through the highly complex coordination of multiple cellular pathways, resulting in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have increasingly revealed that constituents of lichen extracts exhibit potent pharmaceutical activities, including anticancer activity against various cancer cells, making them promising candidates for new anticancer therapeutic drugs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer capacities of ramalin, a secondary metabolite from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata, in the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. In this study, ramalin displayed concentration-dependent anticancer activity against HCT116 cells, significantly suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, ramalin induced cell cycle arrest in the gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) phase through the modulation of hallmark genes involved in the G2/M phase transition, such as tumour protein p53 (TP53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B1 (CCNB1). At both the transcriptional and translational level, ramalin caused a gradual increase in the expression of TP53 and its downstream gene CDKN1A, while decreasing the expression of CDK1 and CCNB1 in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, ramalin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that ramalin may be a therapeutic candidate for the targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
URL: http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/8/1361
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Abstract: Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily collagen, within the liver. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in its pathogenesis, the use of antioxidants as a potential treatment has been broadly explored. Here, we investigated the hepatoprotective properties of ramalin (RM), a compound extracted from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata, against hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. RM suppressed hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in vitro without any significant signs of adverse effects on the cells tested, and the accumulation of ECM was dramatically reduced in the liver tissue. Oral administration of RM in rats noticeably improved the gross appearance of the liver with increased body and liver weight relative to the DMN injected rats, and all of the serum biochemical markers returned to the normal range. RM treatment have ameliorated hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by DMN by repressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In addition, RM significantly reduced collagen accumulation, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) in the liver tissue of DMN injected rats. The efficacy exerted by RM was through erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediated antioxidant response proteins such as HO-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1). Our results show the beneficial effect of RM against the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X18317881?via%3Dihub
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Abstract: In this study, we combined two approaches: (1) Field study of dehydration-induced reduction of primary photosynthetic processes in lichen Placopsis antarctica, and (2) Laboratory-based study on critical hydration causing full inhibition of the processes in two lichen species, one having crustose (P. antarctica), and the other one fruticose thallus (Ramalina terebrata).
Notes: Extended abstract.
URL: https://www.sci.muni.cz/CPR/19cislo/Abstract/A7.pdf
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Abstract: The two frequent Ramalina species in southern South America are R. laevigata Fr., which has abundant apothecia, and R. terebrata Hook. f. & Taylor, which lacks apothecia but has abundant sorediate pseudocyphellae. However, two other taxa that predate Hooker and Taylor’s name were described from the Falkland Islands. These names are investigated here and R. flaccidissima Bory is shown to be the correct name for R. terebrata.
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.2020.1734031?journalCode=tnzb20
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Abstract: Stereocalpin B, a new cyclic depsipeptide (1), and a new dibenzofuran derivative (3), were isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Ramalina terebrata (Ramalinaceae), along with a known cyclic depsipeptide (2). The structures of new compounds were characterized by comprehensive spectrometric analyses; high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HR-FABMS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Stereocalpin B (1) existed in a rotameric equilibrium, which was confirmed using nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY)/exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) spectrum. Absolute configurations of the amino acid units in 1 were assigned using the advanced Marfey’s method and subsequent NOESY analysis of the 5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-decanoic acid residue confirmed the complete stereochemistry of 1. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities against E. coli, with the IC50 values ranging from 18–30 μg/mL. Compound 2 exhibited cell growth inhibition against HCT116 cell lines, with the IC50 value of 20 ± 1.20 μM, and compounds 1 and 2 also showed potent anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC50 values ranging from 5–7 μM.
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/2/141
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Abstract: Background: Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl) hydrazide), a nitrogencontaining lichen secondary metabolite, was isolated from Ramalina terebrata, an Antarctic lichen. Since then, it has attracted several researchers, thus leading to various research investigations exploring the pharmacological potential of Ramalin. Methods: The bibliographic databases were explored for the peer-reviewed research related to the pharmacological importance of Ramalin. Results: The article summarizes the antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antibacterial, and antiallergic activities of this molecule. Additionally, the studies conducted to show the potential of Ramalin in atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis and its role in autophagy suppression and enzyme inhibition are also described briefly. Moreover, the experimental findings also depict that Ramalin did not show any toxicity. Conclusion: The current review shall be beneficial for future researchers interested in working on Ramalin because it summarizes all the relevant publications starting from its first-time isolation to the articles of 2021.
URL: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/121834
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Number of records in database: 53500.
Current date: 2024.04.18.OK